Table 1 Characteristics of studies and variables used for workload estimation
Study | Design type | N | Participant characteristics (bowler type; level; age; gender; country of origin) | Study focus | FITT-VP classification of extracted variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alway et al. [17] | Prospective cohort | 368 | Fast bowlers; elite; 25 ± 6 yr; male; UK | Injury risk | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Bayne et al. [30] | Prospective cohort | 25 | Fast bowlers; mixed; Inj: 16 ± 1 yr, Non-inj: 16 ± 1 yr; male; Australia | Injury | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Bliss et al. [65] | Longitudinal observational | 13 | Seam bowlers; elite; 28 ± 4.2 yr; male; UK | Physiological match demands | Volume – GPS measured distance and accelerations |
Burnett, Elliott & Marshall [31] | Observational cohort | 9 | Fast bowlers; emerging elite; 18 ± 1 yr; male; Australia | Fatigue effects on bowling technique | Frequency—Balls bowled Intensity—Blood lactate; heart rate; BRV |
Cooke et al. [16] | Observational cohort | 22 | Bowler type NS; elite; 24 ± 9 yr; male; UK | Differences in fatigue | Frequency—Balls bowled Intensity—RPE Volume—Playerload™ |
Dennis et al. [26] | Prospective cohort | 90 | Fast bowlers; elite; 18–38 yr; male; Australia | Injury risk | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Dennis et al. [25] | Prospective cohort | 44 | Fast bowlers; sub-elite; 15 ± 1 yr; male; Australia | Injury risk | Frequency—Bowling logbook |
Dennis et al. [36] | Prospective cohort | 91 | Fast bowlers; emerging elite; 12–33 yr; male; Australia | Injury risk identification | Frequency—Bowling logbook; balls bowled Intensity—BRV |
Duffield et al. [38] | Observational cohort | 6 | Med-fast bowlers; elite; 23 ± 3 yr; male; Australia | Physiological response & performance | Intensity—BRV; RPE |
Feros et al. [50] | RCT | 12 | Fast bowlers; sub-elite; 23.7 ± 7.5 yr; male; Australia | Physiology and performance | Intensity – BRV; RPE |
Forrest et al. [35] | Cluster-RCT | 65 | Fast bowlers; sub-elite; 15.6 ± 6 yr; male; Australia | Injury risk factors | Frequency – Bowling logbook Intensity – RPE |
Forrest et al. [49] | Cluster-RCT | 64 | Fast bowlers; sub-elite; 15.6 ± 6 yr; male; Australia | Kinematics and injury risk | Intensity—RPE Volume – GPS measured distance |
Gabbett et al. [15] | Prospective cohort | 28 | Fast bowlers; elite; 26 ± 5 yr; male; Australia | Injury risk | Volume—ACWR |
Garcia-Byrne et al. 2020 [59] | Retrospective cohort | 34 | Fast bowlers; elite and emerging elite; elite 26 ± 4 yr, emerging elite 16 ± 1 yr; female, Australia | Load measuring using technology | Volume – GPS measured distance; Playerload™ |
Gregory et al. [32] | Prospective cohort | 112 | 70 fast bowlers, 42 spin bowlers; emerging elite; 12–21 yr; male; UK | Injury comparison | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Gregory et al. [37] | Prospective cohort | 70 | Fast bowlers; emerging elite; 15 ± 2 yr; male; UK | Injury risk | Frequency – Bowling logbook; Balls bowled |
Greig & Child [14] | Repeated measures, field based | 12 | Fast bowlers; emerging elite; 19 ± 1 yr; male; UK | Performance & loading | Intensity—BRV Volume—Playerload™ |
Greig & Nagy [51] | Repeated measures, field based | 10 | Fast bowlers; emerging elite; 18 ± 1 yr; male; UK | Efficacy of technology in load quantification | Volume Playerload™ |
Hulin et al. [23] | Prospective cohort | 28 | Fast bowlers; elite; 26 ± 5 yr; male; Australia | Injury risk | Frequency—Balls bowled Intensity—RPE Volume—ACWR |
Johnstone et al. [39] | Observational cohort | 7 | Fast-medium bowlers; elite; 25 ± 5 yr; male; UK | Physiological profiles of bowlers | Intensity—Heart rate |
Jowitt et al. [58] | Cross-sectional | 35 | Fast bowlers; elite; 18–35 yr; 30 male, 5 female; UK | Detection of bowling events using technology | Volume – GPS measured distance |
McGrath et al. [40] | Cross-sectional | 17 | Bowler type NS; sub-elite; Age NS; male; New Zealand | Detection of bowling events using technology | Intensity—BRV |
McNamara et al. [22] | Observational cohort | 26 | 9 fast bowlers, 17 non-fast bowlers; emerging elite; 18 ± 1 yr; male; Australia | Fatigue response | Volume—Playerload™ |
McNamara et al. [52] | Observational cohort | 12 | Fast bowlers; mixed; 24 ± 4 yr; male; Australia | Detection of bowling events using technology | Volume—Playerload™ |
McNamara et al. [42] | Repeated measures observational | 7 | Fast bowlers; elite; 22 ± 3 yr; male; Australia | Performance variability | Intensity—BRV Volume—Playerload™ |
McNamara et al. [41] | Observational cohort | 12 | Fast bowlers; elite; 20 ± 2 yr; male; Australia | Load measuring using technology | Intensity—BRV Volume—Playerload™ |
Minett et al. [44] | Randomised, repeated measures, cross-over | 10 | Med-fast bowlers; mixed; 23 ± 8 yr; male; Australia | Physiology and performance | Intensity—BRV |
Minett et al. [43] | Randomised, repeated measures, cross-over | 8 | Med-fast bowlers; mixed; 23 ± 5 yr; male; Australia | Physiology and performance | Intensity—BRV |
Orchard et al. [24] | Prospective cohort | 129 | Fast bowlers; elite; Age NS; male; Australia | Injury risk | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Orchard et al. [20] | Prospective cohort | 235 | Fast bowlers; elite; Age NS; male; Australia | Injury risk | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Orchard et al. [21] | Prospective cohort | 235 | Fast bowlers; elite; Age NS; male; Australia | Injury risk | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Patel et al. [33] | Prospective cohort | 438 | Bowler type NS; emerging elite; Age NS; male; New Zealand | Talent identification | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Petersen et al. [55] | Observational cohort | 1 | Bowler type NS; elite; Age NS; male; Australia | Variability in movement patterns | Volume—GPS measured distance |
Petersen et al. [53] | Longitudinal observational | 18 | Bowler type NS; elite; Age NS; male; Australia | Quantification of positional movement patterns | Volume—GPS measured distance |
Petersen et al. [2] | Observational cohort | 42 | Bowler type NS; emerging elite; 22 ± 3 yr; male; Australia | Variability in movement patterns | Volume—GPS measured distance |
Petersen et al. [54] | Longitudinal observational | 54 | Bowler type NS; elite; International: 30 ± 4 yr, State: 27 ± 3 yr; male; Australia | Comparison of movement patterns between 1-day and test matches | Volume—GPS measured distance |
Petersen et al. [45] | Longitudinal observational | 42 | Bowler type NS; emerging elite; 22 ± 3 yr; male; Australia | Training and game demands | Intensity—Blood lactate; heart rate Volume—GPS measured distance |
Pote & Christie [13] | Longitudinal observational | 12 | Bowler type NS; emerging elite; 16–19 yr; male; South Africa | Workload management | Frequency—Balls bowled Intensity—RPE Volume—ACWR |
Rowlands et al. [34] | Observational cohort | NS | Bowler type NS; not specified; not specified; male; Australia | Bowling action analysis | Frequency – Balls bowled (not reported in results) |
Sholto-Douglas et al. [57] | Retrospective cohort | 7 | Fast bowlers; elite; Age NS; male; Australia | Movement patterns in T20 games | Volume – GPS measured distance |
Soomro et al. [19] | Survey | 548 | All players; mixed; Age NS; male; Australia | Coaching workload management practices | Frequency—Balls bowled |
Stretch & Lambert 1999 [46] | Observational cohort | 21 | Fast bowlers; emerging elite; Junior: 12–13 yr, Senior: 18–22 yr; male; Australia | Fatigue response | Intensity—Heart rate |
Tallent et al. [12] | Prospective cohort | 8 | Bowler type NS; elite; 22 ± 3 yr; male; UK | Quantification of workload and cognitive function | Intensity – VAS Volume—GPS measured distance |
Tysoe et al. [27] | Prospective cohort | 45 | Fast bowlers; elite; 27 ± 5 yr; male; UK | Workload management | Volume—ACWR |
Vickery et al. [48] | Observational cohort | 11 | Fast/spin bowlers; sub-elite; 22 ± 4 yr; male; Australia | Physiological responses and movement demands | Intensity—Blood lactate; heart rate; RPE Volume—GPS measured distance |
Vickery et al. [47] | Observational cohort | 18 | Fast-med bowlers; elite; 21 ± 4 yr; male; Australia | Association of internal and external measures of load | Intensity—Heart rate; RPE Volume—Playerload™ |
Vickery et al. [56] | Prospective cohort | 42 | Fast/spin bowlers; emerging elite; 23 ± 4 yr; male; Australia | Comparison of training and match play physical demands | Intensity—Heart rate; RPE Volume—GPS measured distance |
Warren et al. [18] | Prospective cohort | 23 | Fast bowlers; emerging elite; 17 ± 1 yr; male; UK | Injury risk | Frequency—Balls bowled Volume—ACWR |