Fig. 3

Comparisons of ES and preferred walking speed (PWS). a Showed that the ES was not significantly different from the PWS under NW (white and black bars) and BWS (blue and red bars). *p < 0.001 between NW and BWS, and N.S. means non-significant difference between ES and PWS, respectively. Values are mean ± SD. b and c Showed a Bland-Altman plots to examine the agreement between ES and PWS obtained in the NW and BWS conditions. Blue line indicates the mean of the individual PWS–ES differences. Red broken lines are the upper and lower limits of agreement.