Table 5 Output from linear mixed effects models predicting participant thirst, symptom number, and symptom score at the official weigh-in time

Thirst (z-score)

2.65

0.266

 (Intercept)

1.52

1.06 (-1.99 – 4.11)

.493

1.64

0.46 (-2.75 – 3.67)

.783

 Total

0.73

-2.37 (-3.83 – -0.91)

.003

 Thermal

1.06

-3.12 (-5.19 – -1.05)

.008

 Abstinence

1.5

-0.55 (-3.49 – 2.40)

.720

 Thermal*Abstinence

1.78

2.75 (-0.74 – 6.25)

.137

Symptom Number (z-score)

6.23

0.044

 (Intercept)

0.49

0.77 (-0.20 – 1.75)

.125

0.54

0.63 (-0.42 – 1.68)

.253

 Total

0.17

-0.28 (-0.62 – 0.06)

.110

 Thermal

0.24

-0.41 (-0.88 – 0.05)

.098

 Abstinence

0.34

-0.33 (-1.00 – 0.34)

.342

 Thermal*Abstinence

0.42

-0.64 (-1.45 – 0.18)

.141

Symptom Severity (z-score)

6.84

0.033

 (Intercept)

0.82

1.94 (0.29 – 3.59)

.027

0.89

1.52 (-0.23 – 3.28)

.103

 Total

0.42

-0.56 (-1.42 – 0.29)

.195

 Thermal

0.56

-0.95 (-2.05 – 0.16)

.108

 Abstinence

0.8

-0.73 (-2.30 – 0.84)

.374

 Thermal*Abstinence

0.95

-1.64 (-3.51 – 0.23)

.100

Urine Osmolality (mmol/L)

1.05

0.592

 (Intercept)

58.85

609.15 (490.42 – 727.88)

 < .001

67.67

612.97 (479.92 – 746.02)

 < .001

 Total

30.55

-149.8 (-211.43 – -88.17)

 < .001

 Thermal

44.56

-145.24 (-232.84 – -57.63)

.004

 Abstinence

64.86

-143.66 (-271.18 – -16.15)

.039

 Thermal*Abstinence

74.17

54.59 (-91.24 – 200.42)

.471

Plasma Osmolality (mmol/L)

0.46

0.795

 (Intercept)

1.52

293.5 (290.44 – 296.57)

 < .001

1.83

293.41 (289.81 – 297.00)

 < .001

 Total

0.97

-3.38 (-5.35 – -1.42)

.002

 Thermal

1.4

-3.53 (-6.28 – -0.77)

.021

 Abstinence

1.98

-2.68 (-6.58 – 1.22)

.193

 Thermal*Abstinence

2.22

1.4 (-2.98 – 5.77)

.538