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Table 3 Physical fitness in individuals with asthma in comparison to their non-asthmatic peers

From: Physical fitness of children and youth with asthma in comparison to the reference population

Variables

Wave 1 (2009–2012)

Wave 2 (2014–2017)

Individuals with asthma

Reference population

Individuals with asthma

Reference population

Cardiorespiratory endurance*

48.9 ± 28.4

51.4 ± 28.9

50.0 ± 28.7

53.4 ± 28.0

Mann–Whitney U test

p = 0.390; HL = 2.497 (CI − 3.128–8.263)

p = 0.155; HL = 3.451 (CI − 1.243–8.349)

Muscular strength

55.3 ± 24.3

52.6 ± 23.0

47.3 ± 24.9

50.5 ± 23.3

Mann–Whitney U test

p = 0.139; HL =  − 3.051 (CI − 7.178–0.997)

p = 0.060; HL = 3.638 (CI − 0.152–7.434)

Coordination

52.5 ± 25.5

53.4 ± 24.2

47.6 ± 26.7

51.7 ± 24.3

Mann–Whitney U test

p = 0.719; HL = 0.754 (CI − 3.377–4.887)

p = 0.041; HL = 4.125 (CI 0.155–8.125)

  1. *Data are mean percentiles based on Niessner et al. [34] ± standard deviations (SD), p values and effect size Hodge Lehmann (HL) with related 95% confidence intervals (CI)