Table 1 A summary of the potential benefits of apps and some of the points to consider before implementation into practice

Dietary analysis

Barcode scanning and camera functions simplify data entry

Many apps provide real time data coding

The above could combine to reduce participant and practitioner burden

Apps typically underestimate energy intake compared to other methods

Incorporating images and automated prompts may improve accuracy

Apps may also be more accurate when they include a user friendly and intuitive portion size interface

Practitioners should understand what database the app derives nutrition data from to allow comparison to past athlete data and other tools

Nutrition counselling and education

Facilitates efficient and regular contact between the athlete and practitioner

Repeatedly found to improve athlete nutrition knowledge

Whilst effective, there is limited evidence that they are more effective than other forms of intervention to enhance nutrition knowledge. Athlete preference may be key

App led increases in nutrition knowledge have not always resulted in changed nutrition behaviour. Therefore, behaviour change should not be assumed, and practitioners should continue to monitor athlete nutrition practice

Body composition estimation

Portability and cost

There is some evidence that measurement taken from the LeanScreen app may be reproducible

As criterion validity is not confirmed it is recommended that practitioners take results on this app in isolation and do not use it interchangeably with other methods. Individual client variance should be determined to understand a worthwhile change