Table 3 Mean differences of athletes in their depressiveness (dummy coded variables)
From: Depressive symptoms among Olympic athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic
“Yes” | “Rarely” | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | t(82–83) | p | g | |
1. “Was it difficult for you when the Tokyo Olympics 2020 were postponed?” | 6.36 | 3.79 | 3.93 | 2.96 | − 3.04 | < 0.003 | − 0.68 |
2. “Did the COVID-19 crisis affect your training?” | 5.56 | 3.76 | 4.60 | 2.41 | − 0.56 | = 0.58 | − 0.26 |
3. “Did you find training more stressful?” | 6.71 | 3.88 | 4.71 | 3.37 | − 2.52 | < 0.01 | − 0.55 |
4. “Have you been afraid that athletes from other countries could train better during this time?” | 6.65 | 3.84 | 3.94 | 2.86 | − 3.57 | < 0.001 | − 0.78 |
5. “Have you been afraid that due to your different training you will not be at the same level like your opponents?” | 7.06 | 3.66 | 3.49 | 2.63 | − 5.03 | < 0.001 | − 1.09 |
6. “Did you feel pressure from yourself to get back to “Full-Contact-Training?” | 6.34 | 3.49 | 3.90 | 3.59 | − 3.03 | < 0.003 | − 0.69 |
7. “Did you feel less motivated?” | 6.35 | 3.61 | 4.36 | 3.53 | − 2.53 | < 0.01 | − 0.55 |
8. “Did you feel irritable, angry or aggressive?” | 8.03 | 3.89 | 4.06 | 2.68 | − 5.57 | < 0.001 | − 1.24 |
9. “Did you worry a lot about your performance after COVID-19?” | 6.78 | 3.73 | 3.69 | 2.79 | − 4.15 | < 0.001 | − 0.91 |
10. “Are you afraid of the first competition after this break?” | 6.72 | 3.86 | 4.52 | 3.30 | − 2.81 | < 0.01 | − 0.61 |
11. “Have you been afraid that you could lose your income due to the COVID-19 Crisis?” | 6.76 | 4.49 | 4.54 | 2.60 | − 2.86 | < 0.005 | − 0.62 |
12. “Have you been worried about life after your sports career?” | 6.50 | 3.74 | 4.70 | 3.49 | − 2.29 | < 0.03 | − 0.50 |
13. “Did you see this time as a chance to be even better prepared for the Olympics 2021?” | 5.23 | 3.43 | 6.80 | 4.65 | 1.51 | = 0.14 | 0.43 |
14. “Did you see this time without competitions as a chance to work on your weaknesses?” | 4.85 | 3.24 | 7.65 | 4.31 | 3.12 | < .002 | 0.71 |