Table 2 Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of physiological spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane in three positions (sagittal standing, sagittal standing flexion, sagittal standing extension) in elite sitting volleyball players
Spinal curvatures measurements—sagittal plane | Mean ± SD (°) | Values of the spinal deviations—sagittal plane | Number and percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
kTH-sagittal standing | 36.9 ± 15.8 | Thoracic hyperkyphosis | 7 (39%) |
PV of kTH | 38.3 ± 16.6 | ||
Difference between kTH and PV | 2.9 ± 3.9 | ||
kTH-sagittal standing flexion | 60.4 ± 13.9 | Thoracic hypokyphosis | 7 (39%) |
PV of kTH | 59.6 ± 15.6 | ||
Difference between kTH and PV | 3.8 ± 5.1 | ||
kTH-sagittal standing extension | 32.6 ± 15.5 | Norm | 4 (22%) |
PV of kTH | 31.5 ± 16.5 | ||
Difference between kTH and PV | 4.0 ± 4.7 | ||
kLL-sagittal standing | 15.5 ± 10.6 | Lumbar hyperlordosis | 1 (6%) |
PV of kLL | 17.6 ± 13.0 | ||
Difference between kLL and PV | 3.1 ± 4.0 | ||
kLL -sagittal standing flexion | 22.3 ± 12.7 | Lumbar hypolordosis | 15 (83%) |
PV of kLL | 22.9 ± 16.0 | ||
Difference between kLL and PV | 3.7 ± 5.1 | ||
kLL -sagittal standing extension | 24.6 ± 14.1 | Norm | 2 (11%) |
PV of kLL | 25.3 ± 14.5 | ||
Difference between kLL and PV | 3.9 ± 4.6 |