What are gender differences in lower limb muscle activity during jump–landing tasks? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Seyedahmadi, Mohammad; Minoonejad, Hooman; Karimizadeh Ardakani, Mohammad; Heidari, Zahra; Bayattork, Mohammad; Akbari, Hadi

doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00469-3

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 3 An overview of the characteristics of the main studies

From: What are gender differences in lower limb muscle activity during jump–landing tasks? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Muscle	References	Task	Height cm	Measurement	Time measurement	Men Mean ± SD	Women Mean ± SD
RF	Garrison et al. [40]	SLL	60	Mean RMS	First contact	8.55 ± 5.65	7.81 ± 3.48
	Zazulak et al. [42]	SLL	30.5	Max MVC	200 ms BFC	18.7 ± 8.2	*33.6 ± 18.5
				Mean MVC	200 ms BFC	9.4 ± 5.2	13.9 ± 9.1
				Max MVC	250 ms AFC	45.1 ± 25.0	66.2 ± 31.9
				Mean MVC	250 ms AFC	25.8 ± 14.9	39.6 ± 19.6
	Nagano et al. [41]	SLL	30	MVC	50 ms BFC	a	a
	Nagano et al. [41]	SLL	30	MVC	50 ms AFC	a	a
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	20	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	a	a
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	40	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	a	a
	Ebben et al. [32]	BDJ	N MVJ	Max MVC	BFC	26.7 ± 21.92	19.74 ± 7.40
				Mean MVC	AFC	64.71 ± 46.32	49.81 ± 21.46
				Max MVC	BFC	69.44 ± 35.19	57.67 ± 8.09
				Mean MVC	AFC	224.17 ± 41.63	236.97 ± 23.13
VM	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Mean onset time	Onset time	30.60 ± 51.98	39.20 ± 56.66
	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Max MVC	Amplitude	290.87 ± 173.62	361.65 ± 255.49
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PV MVC	IFC	84.2 ± 22.8	142.5 ± 42.3
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PT MVC	IFC	115 ± 38.4	93.6 ± 38.6
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	20	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	a	a
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	40	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	a	a
	Ebben et al. [32]	BDJ	N MVJ	Max MVC	BFC	40.07 ± 30.64	37.99 ± 30.26
				Mean MVC	AFC	80.50 ± 39.56	85.09 ± 36.94
				Max MVC	BFC	*64.8 ± 12.20	*52.30 ± 9.77
				Mean MVC	AFC	223.36 ± 30.64	236.80 ± 18.4
VL	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Mean onset time	Onset time	52.94 ± 70.52	40.51 ± 28.21
	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Max MVC	Amplitude	298 ± 231.27	315.81 ± 162.5
	Garrison [40]	SLL	60	Mean RMS	First contact	14.88 ± 6.93	9.69 ± 3.58
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PV MVC	IFC	76.4 ± 17.7	115.6 ± 23.6
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PT MVC		105.3 ± 46.1	97.8 ± 42
	Ebben et al. [32]	BDJ	N MVJ	Max MVC	BFC	30.49 ± 13.20	24.97 ± 16.43
				Mean MVC	AFC	97.61 ± 61.17	89.73 ± 51.47
				Max MVC	BFC	*62.08 ± 16.28	*46.95 ± 10.1
				Mean MVC	AFC	225.7 ± 37.28	236.08 ± 29.69
BF	Nagano et al. [41]	SLL	30	MVC	50 ms BFC	a	a
	Nagano et al. [41]	SLL	30	MVC	50 ms AFC	a	a
	Garrison et al. [40]	SLL	60	Mean RMS	First contact	8.97 ± 6.76	6.13 ± 3.15
	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Mean onset time	Onset time	217.63 ± 108.95	187.01 ± 133.19
	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Max MVC	Amplitude	84.84 ± 43.67	156 ± 72.59
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PV MVC	IFC	30.8 ± 17.9	31.6 ± 17.9
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PT MVC	IFC	8.8 ± 45.1	32.8 ± 28
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	20	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	a	a
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	40	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	a	a
	Ebben et al. [32]	BDJ	N MVJ	Max MVC	BFC	26.24 ± 21.40	16.68 ± 13.1
				Mean MVC	AFC	*41.23 ± 43.32	*16.67 ± 16.11
				Max MVC	BFC	79.97 ± 23.91	81.74 ± 18.95
				Mean MVC	AFC	204.09 ± 39.94	215.14 ± 29.32
SM	Nagano et al. [41]	SLL	30	MVC	50 ms BFC	a	a
	Nagano et al. [41]	SLL	30	MVC	50 ms AFC	a	a
	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Mean onset time	Onset time	182.44 ± 91.88	175.57 ± 108.56
	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Max MVC	Amplitude	134.20 ± 66.33	163.49 ± 84.45
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PV MVC	IFC	30.2 ± 17.4	27.7 ± 7.7
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PT MVC	IFC	64.2 ± 41.3	12.9 ± 48.7
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	20	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	*a	*a
	Debritto et al. [31]	BDJ	40	NEMG	10 to 100 ms BFC	a	a
	Ebben et al. [32]	BDJ	N MVJ	Max MVC	BFC	39.51 ± 45.93	36.32 ± 47.30
				Mean MVC	AFC	27.24 ± 27.12	23.71 ± 27.94
				Max MVC	BFC	103.56 ± 96.22	80.72 ± 22.19
				Mean MVC	AFC	2008.89 ± 68.15	2009.94 ± 26.67
MG	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Mean onset time	Onset time	289.09 ± 177.96	241.1 ± 141.57
MG	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Max MVC	Amplitude	134.13 ± 74.70	225.86 ± 223.35
LG	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Mean onset time	Onset time	44.19 ± 98.58	193.90 ± 155.33
LG	Rozzi et al. [34]	SLL	25.4	Max MVC	Amplitude	161.45 ± 73.82	131.72 ± 64.90
GMax	Zazulak et al. [42]	SLL	30.5	Max MVC	200 ms BFC	47.4 ± 31.6	31.1 ± 18.2
				Mean MVC	200 ms BFC	16.3 ± 10.5	12.3 ± 7.6
				Max MVC	250 ms AFC	*98.0 ± 33.4	*69.5 ± 30.2
				Mean MVC	250 ms AFC	*53.9 ± 18.0	*37.5 ± 15.6
GMed	Garrison et al. [40]	SLL	60	Mean RMS	First contact	7.4 ± 4/85	3.84 ± 2.37
	Carcia and Martin [39]	BDJ	30	Max MVC	BFC	36.1 ± 16.17	51.0 ± 50.1
				Mean MVC	BFC	18.1 ± 6.2	21.3 ± 11.3
				Max MVC	AFC	111.1 ± 45.3	121.1 ± 62.1
				Mean MVC	AFC	61.6 ± 22.3	72.6 ± 42
	Zazulak et al. [42]	SLL	30.5	Max MVC	200 ms BFC	48.4 ± 27	39.6 ± 16.5
				Mean MVC	200 ms BFC	26 ± 17.8	20.8 ± 10.4
				Max MVC	250 ms AFC	79.3 ± 30.4	69.2 ± 28.2
				Mean MVC	250 ms AFC	43.2 ± 13.7	39.9 ± 18.5
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PV MVC	IFC	40.3 ± 13.4	46.4 ± 23.4
	Ogasawara et al. [33]	SLL	32	Mean PT MVC	IFC	69.9 ± 49.5	56.8 ± 55.3

^aShows variables without numeric data, *Shows a significant difference between men and women (p < 0.05)
Abbreviations: MVC maximum voluntary contraction, RMS root mean square, N EMG Normalized myoelectric activity, SLL single-leg landing, BDJ bilateral drop jumps, BFC before foot contact, AFC after foot contact, N MVJ normalized with MVJ, Mean PT MVC mean peak time of % MVC, Mean PV MVC mean peak value of % MVC, IFC initial foot contact, Onset Time = Time (in milliseconds) from ground contact when landing a jump until the onset of muscle contraction, Amplitude = Peak amplitude (in millivolts) of the first contraction subsequent to landing a jump

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