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Table 4 Psychological Well-Being (PWBS) before and after intervention between the two groups (BEG vs. CG); n = 387

From: The effect of the Baduanjin exercise on COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being and lower back pain of college students during the pandemic

Group

 

AU

EM

PG

PRWO

PL

SA

TS

CG

(n = 192)

Before intervention

12.19 ± 2.12

11.40 ± 1.68

8.15 ± 2.21

13.73 ± 2.15

13.33 ± 2.38

10.12 ± 1.67

68.92 ± 6.72

After intervention

12.22 ± 1.81

11.43 ± 2.01

8.23 ± 1.89

13.88 ± 2.46

13.39 ± 2.63

10.07 ± 1.35

69.22 ± 5.34

BEG (n = 195)

Before intervention

13.21 ± 2.06

11.48 ± 2.19

8.45 ± 2.33

13.54 ± 2.47

13.46 ± 2.24

9.97 ± 1.38

70.11 ± 8.65

After intervention

13.28 ± 2.37

14.23 ± 2.04*

14.31 ± 2.43*

14.32 ± 1.78

13.51 ± 2.27

13.47 ± 2.65*

84.12 ± 7.38**

  1. AU: Autonomy; EM: Environmental Mastery; PG: Personal Growth; PRWO: Positive Relations with Others; PL: Purpose in Life; SA: Self-Acceptance; TS: PWBS total score; CG: Control group; BEG: Baduanjin exercise group
  2. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01