Table 1 Characteristics of the patients

Age (y)

65.4 (6.5)

63.0 (11.4)

60.4 (11.3)

66.0 (6.2)

0.056

Male*

17 (70.8)

35 (71.4)

44 (86.3)

47 (69.1)

0.14

BMI (kg/m²)

30.0 (4.7)

28.5 (5.2)

26.6 (4.6)

27.5 (4.0)

0.021

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

136.0 (13.5)

137.3 (17.3)

138.8 (12.8)

141.0 (16.6)

0.69

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.2 (11.6)

73.6 (13.9)

81.3 (9.1)

88.9 (74.2)

0.077

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.7 (0.9)

4.0 (0.9)

4.4 (1.0)

3.9 (1.1)

0.048

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.33 (0.27)

1.50 (0.32)

1.47 (0.32)

1.39 (0.45)

0.16

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.12 (0.86)

2.40 (0.77)

2.80 (1.03)

2.21 (0.96)

0.032

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.05 (0.39)

1.01 (0.40)

1.21 (0.50)

1.41 (0.87)

0.13

Smoking*

1 (4.2)

1 (2.2)

1 (2.0)

3 (4.5)

0.80

Diabetes*

15 (62.5)

10 (21.3)

2 (3.9)

18 (26.9)

< 0.001

Hypertension*

22 (91.7)

27 (57.4)

19 (38.0)

45 (68.2)

< 0.001

Hypercholesterolemia*

21 (87.5)

30 (66.7)

34 (68.0)

63 (94.0)

0.002

Atrial fibrillation*

3 (13.6)

9 (20.0)

10 (19.6)

8 (12.3)

0.59

Heart failure*

0

2 (4.3)

2 (3.9)

1 (1.5)

0.69

Coronary artery disease*

24 (100)

14 (29.8)

15 (29.4)

52 (77.6)

< 0.001

Arteriosclerosis obliterans*

2 (8.3)

0

0

0

0.016

Stroke or transient ischemic attack*

2 (8.3)

4 (8.5)

3 (5.9)

4 (6.1)

0.89

Myocardial infarction*

6 (25.0)

0

0

10 (15.4)

< 0.001

Previous percutaneous coronary intervention*

9 (37.5)

4 (8.5)

3 (5.9)

21 (31.8)

< 0.001

Previous CABG*

0

0

0

3 (4.5)

0.17

Previous valve surgery*

0

2 (4.3)

2 (3.9)

1 (1.5)

0.74

Pacemaker*

1 (4.2)

2 (4.3)

1 (2.0)

1 (1.5)

0.64

Lung disease*

6 (25.0)

8 (17.4)

7 (13.7)

10 (15.2)

0.63

Cancer*

0

0

1 (2.0)

6 (9.1)

0.058

Thyroid gland disease*

2 (8.3)

2 (4.3)

1 (2.0)

8 (11.9)

0.15

LVEF (%)

59.5 (9.1)

57.4 (10.4)

65.7 (10.7)

60.6 (8.6)

0.001

Medication*

 Beta blocker

18 (75.0)

17 (36.2)

16 (31.4)

44 (65.7)

< 0.001

 Calsium blocker

10 (41.7)

12 (26.1)

9 (17.6)

15 (22.4)

0.16

 ACE inhibitor/ Angiotensin receptor blocker

17 (70.8)

26 (55.3)

20 (39.2)

36 (53.7)

0.070

 Acetylsalicylic acid

18 (75.0)

20 (42.6)

15 (29.4)

47 (70.1)

< 0.001

 Adenosine-diphosphate receptor antagonists

4 (16.7)

3 (6.4)

2 (3.9)

3 (4.5)

0.16

 Warfarin

1 (4.2)

3 (6.5)

4 (7.8)

5 (7.5)

1.0

 Novel oral anticoagulant

3 (12.5)

3 (6.4)

6 (11.8)

5 (7.6)

0.66

 Statin

21 (87.5)

30 (63.8)

28 (54.9)

55 (82.1)

0.002

 Ezetimibe

7 (29.2)

3 (6.4)

4 (7.8)

8 (12.1)

0.046

 Nitrate

8 (33.3)

1 (2.1)

1 (2.0)

16 (24.2)

< 0.001