Fig. 5

Mean (SD) passive forces of biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semimembranosus and semitendinosus (ST) at 15 hip (H) and knee (K) flexion angles predicted using forward simulation modeling (0° = neutral hip position, negative hip angle indicates extension; 0° = full knee extension). Values were obtained from five models [49,50,51,52,53,54] using OpenSim (version 4.2); for details see main text. Error bars indicate standard deviation