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Fig. 7 | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Fig. 7

From: Hamstrings force-length relationships and their implications for angle-specific joint torques: a narrative review

Fig. 7

Mean (SD) knee flexion (upper graph) and hip extension (lower graph) torque contributions of biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) as predicted using forward simulation modeling. Individual muscle torques are also presented. Data are plotted for 15 hip (H) and knee (K) flexion angles which are arranged from left to right, from shorter to longer muscle lengths (0° = neutral hip position, negative hip angle indicates extension; 0° = full knee extension). Values were obtained from five models [49,50,51,52,53,54] using OpenSim (version 4.2); for details see main text. Error bars indicate standard deviation

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