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Table 4 Classification of studies based on the knee flexion range of motion at which greater EMG was observed during knee flexion contractions. Studies have been classified in four categories: 0–30°, 31–60°, > 60° and those that reported no change in EMG. (ISOM  Isometric, ISOK  isokinetic exercise, ISOT  constant load exercise, NHE  Nordic exercise, SDL  Stiff leg deadlift)

From: Hamstrings force-length relationships and their implications for angle-specific joint torques: a narrative review

 

Range of motion of peak EMG (°)

 

0–30

31–60

 > 60

No change

BFLH

Isometric

Kellis and Katis [150]

Kumazaki et al. [79]

Read et al. [151]

Worrell et al. [130]

Hirose and Tsuruike [132]

Hegyi et al. [146]

Kirk and Rice [149]

Onishi et al. [128]

Motomura et al. [156]

Kawama et al. [155]

Mohamed et al. [127]

Marchetti et al. [152]

Chapman et al. [92]

Dynamic

Onishi et al. [128] (ISOK) Beyer et al. [154] (NHE, SLD)

Croce and Miller [159] (ISOK)

Andriacchi et al. [157] (ISOT)

Higashihara et al. [158] (ISOK)

Monajati et al. [161] (NHE)

 

ST

Isometric

 

Mohamed et al. [127]

Kelis and Katis [150]

Worrell et al. [130]

Kawama et al. [155]

Hirose and Tsuruike [132]

Hegyi et al. [146]

Kirk and Rice [149]

Onishi et al. [128]

Motomura et al. [156]

Hirose and Tsuruike [132]

Monajati et al. [161]

Kumazaki et al. [79]

Read et al. [151]

Marchetti et al. [152]

Chapman et al. [92]

Dynamic

 

Andriacchi et al. [157] (ISOT)

Croce and Miller [159] (ISOK)

Onishi et al. [128] (ISOK)

Higashihara et al. [158] (ISOK)

Beyer et al. [154] (NHE; SDL)

SM

Isometric

 

Worrell et al. [130]

Kawama et al. [155]

Hirose and Tsuruike [132]

Kirk and Rice [149]

Kumazaki et al. [79]

Onishi et al. [128]

Mohamed et al. [127]

Dynamic

 

Andriacchi et al. [157] (ISOT)

Onishi et al. [128] (ISOK)

Higashihara et al. [158] (ISOK)