AFL | AFLW | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inexperienced (n = 6) | Experienced (n = 17) | Inexperienced (n = 10) | Experienced (n = 13) | |||||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | ES | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | ES | |
General | ||||||||
Age (y) | 19.7 ± 1.5 | 21.9 ± 1.3 | 0.002* | 1.57d | 23.8 ± 4.5 | 27.3 ± 3.2 | 0.040* | 0.90c |
Height (cm) | 183 ± 9.6 | 188 ± 6.9 | 0.227 | 0.54 | 168 ± 6.8 | 171 ± 6.3 | 0.258 | 0.49 |
Body mass (kg) | 78 ± 7.5 | 86 ± 7.8 | 0.055 | 0.98 | 66 ± 7.5 | 65 ± 6.2 | 0.809 | 0.10 |
Playing Year (y) | 1.5 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 0.001* | 3.95e | 2.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (0.0) | < 0.001* | 5.64e |
DXA | ||||||||
WBLH LSTM (kg) | 61.2 ± 6.90 | 68.7 ± 6.46 | 0.025* | 1.12c | 46.4 ± 3.82 | 47.7 ± 4.86 | 0.518 | 0.30 |
WBLH FM (kg) | 10.5 ± 1.75 | 10.1 ± 1.99 | 0.082 | 0.87 | 14.0 ± 4.27 | 11.88 ± 2.71 | 0.106 | 0.70 |
WBLH LSTM% | 82.4 ± 2.13 | 84.1 ± 2.04 | 0.103 | 0.82 | 74.8 ± 4.37 | 77.4 ± 3.34 | 0.124 | 0.67 |
WBLH FM% | 14.1 ± 2.01 | 12.3 ± 2.06 | 0.082 | 0.87 | 22.0 ± 4.60 | 19.2 ± 3.54 | 0.106 | 0.70 |
LMI (kg/m2) | 19.2 ± 1.39 | 20.5 ± 0.99 | 0.019* | 1.10c | 17.6 ± 1.26 | 17.3 ± 0.89 | 0.453 | 0.31 |
Appendicular LMI (kg/m2) | 9.12 (1.35) | 9.99 (0.78) | 0.058 | 0.88 | 7.86 ± 0.70 | 7.91 ± 0.55 | 0.866 | 0.07 |
Total Leg LSTM (kg) | 11.69 (1.98) | 12.30 (2.45) | 0.069 | 0.90 | 8.61 ± 0.69 | 8.91 ± 1.07 | 0.451 | 0.33 |
Total Leg FM% | 15.4 ± 2.13 | 13.2 ± 2.15 | 0.048* | 1.00c | 26.4 ± 5.40 | 24.1 ± 4.62 | 0.276 | 0.47 |
Thigh LSTM (kg) | 8.38 ± 0.82 | 9.23 ± 1.05 | 0.087 | 0.90 | 6.18 ± 0.51 | 6.38 ± 0.80 | 0.482 | 0.30 |
Thigh FM% | 15.7 ± 2.64 | 13.4 ± 2.06 | 0.037* | 0.99c | 27.3 ± 5.30 | 25.1 ± 4.36 | 0.285 | 0.45 |
Shank LSTM (kg) | 2.70 ± 0.35 | 2.99 ± 0.41 | 0.147 | 0.76 | 2.00 ± 0.24 | 2.15 ± 0.31 | 0.197 | 0.54 |
Shank FM% | 14.1 ± 3.16 | 12.5 ± 3.29 | 0.319 | 0.49 | 25.3 ± 7.75 | 22.7 ± 6.59 | 0.388 | 0.37 |
pQCT | ||||||||
Tibial length (mm) | 413 ± 22.3 | 426 ± 21.6 | 0.234 | 0.577 | 367 ± 13.4 | 377 ± 22.0 | 0.206 | 0.57 |
4% Bone Mass (g) | 4.95 ± 0.58 | 5.46 ± 0.66 | 0.114 | 0.81 | 3.87 ± 0.43 | 3.80 ± 0.50 | 0.731 | 0.15 |
14% Bone Mass (g) | 3.33 ± 0.25 | 3.69 ± 0.38 | 0.044* | 1.12c | 2.80 ± 0.27 | 2.95 ± 0.41 | 0.340 | 0.42 |
38% Bone Mass (g) | 4.81 ± 0.57 | 5.29 ± 0.48 | 0.056 | 0.92 | 3.94 ± 0.29 | 4.16 ± 0.62 | 0.298 | 0.47 |
Total Tibial Mass (g) | 4.36 ± 0.43 | 4.81 ± 0.47 | 0.051 | 1.00 | 3.54 ± 0.32 | 3.64 ± 0.47 | 0.563 | 0.25 |
4% Bone Area (mm2) | 1294 ± 112 | 1414 ± 223 | 0.225 | 0.68 | 1096 ± 96.3 | 1116 ± 125 | 0.677 | 0.18 |
14% Bone Area (mm2) | 537 ± 52.5 | 617 ± 83.8 | 0.041* | 1.15c | 479 ± 51.1 | 502 ± 59.2 | 0.354 | 0.40 |
38% Bone Area (mm2) | 524 ± 60.7 | 583 ± 59.1 | 0.048* | 0.99c | 431 (31.8) | 429 (77.6) | 0.286 | 0.50 |
66% Bone Area (mm2) | 891 (98.3) | 982 (126) | 0.025* | 1.21d | 703 ± 72.6 | 782 ± 94.7 | 0.040* | 0.94c |
4% vBMD (mg/cm3) | 385 ± 59.3 | 390 ± 44.1 | 0.833 | 0.09 | 354 ± 38.6 | 341 ± 25.8 | 0.325 | 0.41 |
14% vBMD (mg/cm3) | 623 ± 54.7 | 603 ± 64.2 | 0.520 | 0.32 | 586 ± 48.0 | 588 ± 52.8 | 0.930 | 0.04 |
38% vBMD (mg/cm3) | 918 ± 41.5 | 908 ± 34.6 | 0.588 | 0.25 | 920 ± 34.9 | 918 ± 28.0 | 0.919 | 0.04 |
Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 642 ± 39.7 | 634 ± 38.6 | 0.671 | 0.20 | 620 ± 34.0 | 616 ± 27.7 | 0.739 | 0.14 |
Total CortD (mg/cm3) | 1122 (25.0) | 1116 (33.5) | 0.605 | 0.58 | 1140 ± 13.9 | 1141 ± 18.4 | 0.808 | 0.11 |
Total CortTh (mm) | 4.89 ± 0.45 | 4.99 ± 0.38 | 0.617 | 0.23 | 4.17 ± 0.32 | 4.25 ± 0.40 | 0.615 | 0.22 |
Total PeriC (mm) | 81.5 ± 3.34 | 86.7 ± 4.59 | 0.020* | 1.28d | 74.8 (4.55) | 76.1 (5.75) | 0.293 | 0.47 |
Total EndoC (mm) | 50.8 ± 4.0 | 55.3 ± 4.90 | 0.054 | 1.02 | 49.2 ± 3.08 | 50.6 ± 3.58 | 0.342 | 0.41 |
SSIPOL (mm3) | 2226 ± 257 | 2576 ± 345 | 0.034* | 1.15c | 1725 (262) | 1737 (376) | 0.275 | 0.51 |
FL.Rel (N/kg) | 68.6 ± 9.28 | 69.9 ± 6.44 | 0.726 | 0.15 | 58.6 ± 4.49 | 65.7 ± 10.9 | 0.048* | 0.85c |
Tibial Robustness | 1.96 ± 0.10 | 2.13 ± 0.24 | 0.022* | 0.92c | 1.84 ± 0.12 | 1.89 ± 0.14 | 0.408 | 0.38 |
66% Muscle Area (mm2) | 7675 ± 1318 | 8715 ± 1084 | 0.069 | 0.86 | 6998 ± 888 | 6813 ± 751 | 0.595 | 0.22 |