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Table 3 Body composition and musculoskeletal morphological characteristics of the support leg between inexperienced and experienced players for AFL and AFLW players

From: Characterising lower-body musculoskeletal morphology and whole-body composition of elite female and male Australian Football players

 

AFL

AFLW

Inexperienced (n = 6)

Experienced (n = 17)

  

Inexperienced (n = 10)

Experienced (n = 13)

  

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

p

ES

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

p

ES

General

Age (y)

19.7 ± 1.5

21.9 ± 1.3

0.002*

1.57d

23.8 ± 4.5

27.3 ± 3.2

0.040*

0.90c

Height (cm)

183 ± 9.6

188 ± 6.9

0.227

0.54

168 ± 6.8

171 ± 6.3

0.258

0.49

Body mass (kg)

78 ± 7.5

86 ± 7.8

0.055

0.98

66 ± 7.5

65 ± 6.2

0.809

0.10

Playing Year (y)

1.5 (1.0)

4.0 (1.0)

0.001*

3.95e

2.0 (1.0)

5.0 (0.0)

 < 0.001*

5.64e

DXA

WBLH LSTM (kg)

61.2 ± 6.90

68.7 ± 6.46

0.025*

1.12c

46.4 ± 3.82

47.7 ± 4.86

0.518

0.30

WBLH FM (kg)

10.5 ± 1.75

10.1 ± 1.99

0.082

0.87

14.0 ± 4.27

11.88 ± 2.71

0.106

0.70

WBLH LSTM%

82.4 ± 2.13

84.1 ± 2.04

0.103

0.82

74.8 ± 4.37

77.4 ± 3.34

0.124

0.67

WBLH FM%

14.1 ± 2.01

12.3 ± 2.06

0.082

0.87

22.0 ± 4.60

19.2 ± 3.54

0.106

0.70

LMI (kg/m2)

19.2 ± 1.39

20.5 ± 0.99

0.019*

1.10c

17.6 ± 1.26

17.3 ± 0.89

0.453

0.31

Appendicular LMI (kg/m2)

9.12 (1.35)

9.99 (0.78)

0.058

0.88

7.86 ± 0.70

7.91 ± 0.55

0.866

0.07

Total Leg LSTM (kg)

11.4 ± 1.04

12.8 ± 1.26

0.030*

1.21d

8.48 ± 0.85

8.83 ± 1.09

0.410

0.36

Total Leg FM%

15.8 ± 1.51

13.5 ± 1.96

0.016*

1.32d

26.8 ± 4.93

23.9 ± 4.25

0.146

0.63

Thigh LSTM (kg)

8.21 ± 0.84

9.13 ± 0.96

0.051

1.02c

6.08 ± 0.60

6.28 ± 0.74

0.495

0.30

Thigh FM%

15.9 ± 2.25

13.8 ± 1.91

0.036*

1.02c

27.9 ± 5.03

25.1 ± 4.11

0.158

0.61

Shank LSTM (kg)

2.68 ± 0.34

3.01 ± 0.40

0.082

0.89

2.01 ± 0.27

2.17 ± 0.32

0.212

0.54

Shank FM%

14.8 ± 2.1

12.7 ± 2.61

0.087

0.90

25.1 ± 6.49

21.9 ± 5.83

0.230

0.52

pQCT

Tibial length (mm)

413.2 ± 22.3

425.8 ± 21.55

0.234

0.58

367 ± 13.4

377.3 ± 22.0

0.206

0.57

4% Bone Mass (g)

4.92 ± 0.54

5.54 ± 0.62

0.042*

1.06c

3.86 ± 0.48

3.93 ± 0.48

0.761

0.13

14% Bone Mass (g)

3.43 ± 0.36

3.76 ± 0.36

0.060

0.94

2.73 (0.55)

2.82 (0.52)

0.415

0.34

38% Bone Mass (g)

5.00 ± 0.53

5.42 ± 0.48

0.090

0.82

3.97 (0.52)

3.91 (0.68)

0.547

0.30

Total Tibial Mass (g)

4.45 ± 0.45

4.91 ± 0.45

0.044*

1.02c

3.56 ± 0.36

3.67 ± 0.46

0.536

0.27

4% Bone Area (mm2)

1288 ± 163

1468 ± 217

0.080

0.94

1088 ± 112

1124 ± 123

0.480

0.30

14% Bone Area (mm2)

557 ± 71.4

643 ± 78.2

0.028*

1.14c

484 ± 48.7

502 ± 48.4

0.384

0.37

38% Bone Area (mm2)

545 ± 58.5

594 ± 62.03

0.106

0.81

422 (72.3)

421 (66.6)

0.439

0.36

66% Bone Area (mm2)

909 ± 88.3

994 ± 110

0.104

0.85

711 (99.6)

746 (93.4)

0.055

0.83

4% vBMD (mg/cm3)

386 ± 56.7

382 ± 45.4

0.858

0.08

356 ± 43.2

350 ± 27.2

0.667

0.18

14% vBMD (mg/cm3)

618 ± 43.7

590 ± 56.92

0.284

0.56

588 ± 51.5

590 ± 52.4

0.955

0.02

38% vBMD (mg/cm3)

918 ± 31.1

914 ± 38.9

0.804

0.13

921 ± 30.9

914 ± 31.4

0.573

0.24

Total vBMD (mg/cm3)

641 ± 32.8

629 ± 40.0

0.509

0.34

622 ± 32.9

618 ± 27.2

0.739

0.14

Total CortD (mg/cm3)

1118 ± 17.0

1109 ± 19.8

0.356

0.47

1138 ± 15.2

1142 ± 17.2

0.521

0.28

Total CortTh (mm)

4.96 ± 0.42

5.03 ± 0.37

0.685

0.19

4.30 (0.54)

4.01 (0.70)

0.990

0.02

Total PeriC (mm)

83.1 ± 4.5

88 ± 4.35

0.028*

1.11c

75.1 (4.85)

75.7 (3.84)

0.378

0.39

Total EndoC (mm)

51.9 ± 4.28

56.39 ± 4.53

0.048*

1.01c

49.4 ± 2.93

50.8 ± 3.26

0.277

0.47

SSIPOL (mm3)

2387 ± 370

2735 ± 377

0.064

0.93

1715 (352)

1781 (306)

0.380

0.40

FL.Rel (N/kg)

70.8 ± 9.58

71.6 ± 6.82

0.834

0.09

56.8 (3.85)

58.9 (14.2)

0.185

0.57

Tibial Robustness

2.00 ± 0.16

2.17 ± 0.23

0.096

0.86

1.85 ± 0.12

1.90 ± 0.13

0.391

0.40

66% Muscle Area (mm2)

7448 ± 1143

8740 ± 1083

0.022*

1.16c

6881 ± 981

6865 ± 909

0.969

0.02

  1. Data is presented as mean ± SD or Median (IQR) for non-normally distributed variables
  2. CortD cortical density; CortTh cortical thickness; DXA dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; EndoC endosteal circumference; FL.Rel relative fracture load; FM fat mass; LMI lean mass index; LSTM lean soft-tissue mass; PeriC periosteal circumference; pQCT peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography; SSIPOL polar stress–strain index; vBMD volumetric bone mineral density; WBLH whole body less head
  3. *denotes significance (p < 0.05)
  4. aTrivial effect size (< 0.2)
  5. bSmall effect size (0.2–0.59)
  6. cModerate effect size (0.6–1.19)
  7. dLarge effect size (1.2–1.99)
  8. eVery large effect size (≥ 2.00)