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Table 4 Mean (± SEM) passive (prone) and active (upright) vertebral compliance (Newtons) across the entire spinal column (C1 to L5) and each segment prior to the performance of upright trunk muscle exercise in 1 g (PRE UPRIGHT) and during exposure to 1 g at the CoM via short-arm centrifugation (PRE SAHC)

From: Effect of trunk exercise upon lumbar IVD height and vertebral compliance when performed supine with 1 g at the CoM compared to upright in 1 g

Spine level

Passive (PRE UPRIGHT)

Active (PRE UPRIGHT)

Hedge’s g

Paired t-test UPRIGHT

Passive (PRE SAHC)

Active (PRE SAHC)

Hedge’s g

Paired t-test SAHC

Entire column

77.6 ± 1.7

91.0 ± 1.7

2.61

*p < 0.01

81.0 ± 1.2

92.0 ± 1.6

2.59

*p < 0.01

Cervical

77.3 ± 2.2

87.5 ± 1.9

1.64

*p < 0.01

79.3 ± 1.01

87.2 ± 1.4

2.11

*p = 0.01

Thoracic

77.4 ± 1.5

93.5 ± 1.7

3.33

*p < 0.01

81.0 ± 1.8

95.4 ± 1.7

2.7

*p < 0.01

Lumbar

78.1 ± 2.5

90.0 ± 1.7

1.80

*p < 0.01

83.4 ± 2.5

91.3 ± 2.8

0.96

*p < 0.01

Upper lumbar

79.5 ± 2.3

91.7 ± 2.0

1.86

*p < 0.01

84.9 ± 2.6

95.2 ± 2.4

1,33

*p = 0.04

Lower lumbar

79.6 ± 2.3

87.3 ± 1.7

1.24

*p < 0.01

81.21 ± 2.4

87.8 ± 2.2

0.95

p = 0.13

  1. Paired t-tests with Hedge’s g effect size calculations were used to compare conditions. *Indicates significant (p < 0.05) difference between passive and active postures