Table 2 Comparison of outcome measures (baseline to six-week follow-up)
Outcome measures | Groups | Baseline M ± SD | Six weeks M ± SD | P-value1 | P-value2 (η2) Time/Time × Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS (0–10) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 4.58 ± 2.42 | 1.75 ± 1.28 | 0.0001** |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 4.78 ± 2.45 | 1.78 ± 1.57 | 0.0001** | 0.0001** (0.49)/0.005** (0.24) | |
Control (n = 14) | 5.78 ± 2.32 | 6.14 ± 2.31 | 0.38 |  | |
BASFI (0–10) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 3.41 ± 2.72 | 1.80 ± 1.74 | 0.014* |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 3.24 ± 2.24 | 1.77 ± 1.59 | 0.021* | 0.001**(0.25)/0.020*(0.19) | |
Control (n = 14) | 4.12 ± 2.39 | 4.27 ± 2.43 | 0.58 |  | |
40-MWT (s) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 39.57 ± 9.89 | 34.93 ± 6.06 | 0.006** |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 40.48 ± 6.14 | 35.01 ± 4.43 | 0.0001** | 0.0001** (0.54)/0.0001** (0.46) | |
Control (n = 14) | 39.14 ± 9.84 | 38.40 ± 9.17 | 0.26 |  | |
ASQoL (0–18) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 7.50 ± 5.66 | 3.66 ± 4.22 | 0.015** |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 10.35 ± 5.40 | 5.85 ± 4.76 | 0.001** | 0.0001** (0.24)/0.36 (0.05) | |
Control (n = 14) | 12.00 ± 6.71 | 10.07 ± 6.71 | 0.23 |  | |
Spinal posture (standing) | |||||
Kyphosis (°) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 45.58 ± 10.56 | 47.71 ± 11.79 | 0.7 |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 45.35 ± 10.62 | 47.71 ± 11.76 | 0.35 | 0.81(0.001)/0.63(0.025) | |
Control (n = 14) | 48.14 ± 12.40 | 45.85 ± 10.56 | 0.62 |  | |
Lordosis (°) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) |  − 16.58 ± 11.21 |  − 16.75 ± 12.84 | 0.93 |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) |  − 13.28 ± 14.33 |  − 15.21 ± 14.80 | 0.4 | 0.54(0.01)/0.93(0.0004) | |
Control (n = 14) |  − 14.71 ± 12.66 |  − 16.42 ± 13.26 | 0.74 |  | |
Incline (°) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 6.62 ± 7.69 | 6.91 ± 6.02 | 1 |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 5.57 ± 6.06 | 4.71 ± 5.95 | 0.21 | 0.41 (0.018)/0.78 (0.013) | |
Control (n = 14) | 7.42 ± 7.83 | 5.42 ± 7.07 | 0.53 |  | |
Spinal ROM (flexion/extension) | |||||
Kyphosis (°) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 17.08 ± 10.56 | 17.58 ± 13.66 | 0.86 |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 25.00 ± 12.65 | 21.00 ± 17.15 | 0.38 | 0.67(0.005)/0.17(0.09) | |
Control (n = 14) | 16.21 ± 12.96 | 22.57 ± 10.62 | 0.13 |  | |
Lordosis (°) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 33.50 ± 21.42 | 37.25 ± 24.59 | 0.057 |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 45.35 ± 10.62 | 47.71 ± 11.76 | 0.35 | 0.36(0.02)/0.90(0.005) | |
Control (n = 14) | 32.78 ± 20.35 | 34.00 ± 20.16 | 0.89 |  | |
Inclination (°) | Aqua Pilates (n = 12) | 97.91 ± 24.53 | 114.75 ± 27.17 | 0.0001** |  |
Aqua Stretch (n = 14) | 108.85 ± 30.65 | 127.42 ± 31.77 | 0.0001** | 0.07(0.08)/0.16 (0.09) | |
Control (n = 14) | 97.21 ± 34.01 | 92.42 ± 36.73 | 0.75 |  | |