Table 1 Hematochemical parameters determinations. Evaluation of fifty hematochemical parameters normally monitored in athletes, before (T0) and after (T1) five once-a-day sessions of WBC-t. Values are expressed as mean and standard deviation, p values, calculated by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, were considered significant when < 0.05 (bold)

Mean

St.dev

Mean

St.dev

p value

Hematological parameters

White blood cells (*10³/µl)

6.73

1.16

6.69

0.98

0.98

Red blood cells (*10³/µl)

5.25

0.23

5.16

0.27

0.16

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

15.43

0.43

15.40

0.52

0.99

Hematocrit (%)

51.30

14.32

46.37

1.53

0.16

MCV (fl.)

89.40

2.89

89.96

2.89

0.43

MCH (pg)

29.53

1.12

29.90

1.23

0.01

MCHC (g/dl)

33.00

0.50

33.22

0.43

0.36

RDW (cv%)

14.01

0.78

13.92

0.61

0.45

Platelets (*10³/µl)

3.36

5.45

32.24

32.27

0.89

MPV (fl.)

9.04

0.36

8.76

0.31

0.03

Neutrophils %

51.37

8.16

52.48

8.00

0.45

Lymphocytes %

37.14

6.93

36.00

6.62

0.55

Monocytes %

7.73

1.38

7.62

1.38

0.51

Eosinophils %

3.19

1.82

3.34

1.55

0.58

Basophils %

0.60

0.21

0.51

0.21

0.25

Neutrofili (*10³/µl)

3.49

1.08

3.52

0.85

> 0.99

Lymphocytes (*10³/µl)

2.46

0.46

2.39

0.50

0.52

Monocytes (*10³/µl)

0.52

0.14

0.51

0.10

0.71

Basophils (*10³/µl)

0.04

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.50

Reticulocytes (*10³/µl)

0.07

0.02

0.07

0.02

0.68

Reticulocytes %

1.29

0.50

1.36

0.40

0.34

Protein C %

92.11

7.96

92.33

8.31

0.84

Protein %

111.11

13.13

114.56

1.38

0.09

Chemical parameters

Glucose (mg/dl)

75.56

10.82

76.78

4.44

0.72

Hb Glycate (IFCC)

29.67

2.69

29.44

2.51

0.63

Urea (mg/dl)

36.89

6.77

37.11

6.33

0.97

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.99

0.06

0.90

0.31

0.48

Uric acid (mg/dl)

5.39

0.64

5.27

0.69

0.63

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

156.89

16.54

153.78

17.16

0.15

HDL (mg/dl)

52.56

5.96

51.00

6.38

0.08

LDL (mg/dl)

95.44

11.25

93.67

11.70

0.21

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

63.67

16.88

65.44

21.37

0.71

Bilirubin T (mg/dl)

1.27

0.41

1.30

0.36

0.57

Bilirubin D (mg/dl)

0.25

0.06

0.22

0.06

0.36

Proteins T (g/dl)

7.80

0.34

7.70

0.26

0.19

Lactic acid

2.31

1.48

1.68

0.58

0.30

GOT (U/L)

30.67

6.63

32.89

9.96

0.74

GPT (U/L)

18.33

3.87

20.56

6.00

0.19

GGT (U/L)

19.00

4.74

18.44

5.03

0.38

CK (U/L)

426.67

300.11

428.33

244.63

> 0.99

Troponin (ng/L)

40.00

49.68

48.00

49.21

0.98

Amylase (U/L)

73.00

28.06

70.11

27.94

0.20

Sodium (mEq/L)

140.33

1.12

141.00

0.87

0.16

Potassium (mEq/L)

3.41

0.18

3.57

0.20

0.06

Phosphorus (mg/dl)

3.56

0.53

3.70

0.27

0.64

Iron (µg/dl)

82.33

28.20

94.44

31.80

0.43

Transferrin (mg/dl)

260.89

20.47

257.89

23.61

0.30

% Transferrin saturation

23.00

8.43

26.44

9.32

0.43

Ferritin (ng/ml)

89.00

27.04

75.67

20.30

0.02

Hormones

TSH (µIU/ml)

2.26

0.90

2.23

1.13

> 0.99

Testosterone (ng/dl)

7.46

2.14

6.09

1.81

0.01

Cortisol (µg/dl)

14.29

3.30

15.11

4.10

0.55

T/C ratio

0.55

0.18

0.42

0.12

0.01

GH (ng/ml)

0.59

1.00

0.81

1.45

0.84

IGF1 (ng/ml)

313.39

58.62

322.56

53.49

0.20

peptide C (ng/ml)

1.23

0.32

1.16

0.32

0.44

Insulin (µIU/ml)

5.17

2.39

3.88

1.01

0.15

LH (mIU/ml)

3.60

1.47

3.18

1.10

0.48

FSH (mIU/ml)

2.18

0.80

1.97

0.54

0.19

E2 (pg/ml)

34.56

9.06

25.38

6.14

0.02

Progesterone (ng/ml)

0.27

0.11

0.33

0.17

0.50

Cytokines and chemokines

CCL2 (pg/ml)

188.78

31.36

196.78

39.98

0.21

IL-18 (pg/ml)

210.00

68.77

179.11

52.15

0.02

IL-1ra (pg/ml)

219.11

86.95

191.67

41.02

0.27

IL-2ra (pg/ml)

1829.33

651.72

1479.56

596.64

0.01