Effect of wearing medical protective masks on treadmill running performance in the postpandemic era: a randomised trial

Wang, I-Lin; Su, Yu; Yao, Shun; Jiang, Yu-Hong; Li, Hao-Yu; Lai, Chien-Ying

doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00598-9

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 1 Kinematic variables for joint motion during treadmill running between the mask and nonmask groups

From: Effect of wearing medical protective masks on treadmill running performance in the postpandemic era: a randomised trial

Characteristic	RN_time	RN_nonmask	RN_mask	P values
Characteristic	RN_time	RN_nonmask	RN_mask	Main effect (Group)	Main effect (Times)	Interaction (Group × Times)
Right Hip Average Flexion Max (°)	0–1 min	25.808 ± 5.633	26.543 ± 5.390	0.905	0.002*	0.364
	5–6 min	27.569 ± 6.656	26.855 ± 4.332
	9–10 min	27.859 ± 6.330	27.509 ± 4.973
	14–15 min	28.278 ± 6.723	27.734 ± 4.936
Left Hip Average Flexion Max (°)	0–1 min	26.594 ± 6.163	27.181 ± 4.884	0.742	0.454	0.713
	5–6 min	26.870 ± 5.986	27.542 ± 4.309
	9–10 min	26.917 ± 5.959	27.772 ± 4.607
	14–15 min	27.196 ± 6.148	27.412 ± 4.791
Right Hip Average Extension Max (°)	0–1 min	− 10.682 ± 6.204	− 10.814 ± 5.386	0.717	0.008*	0.291
	5–6 min	− 10.639 ± 5.202	− 11.986 ± 5.345
	9–10 min	− 11.476 ± 6.503	− 12.083 ± 5.279
	14–15 min	− 11.565 ± 6.079	− 12.190 ± 5.284
Left Hip Average Extension Max (°)	0–1 min	− 11.331 ± 5.260	− 11.376 ± 4.925	0.879	0.009*	0.163
	5–6 min	− 11.402 ± 5.227	− 12.409 ± 4.498
	9–10 min	− 12.082 ± 5.953	− 12.721 ± 4.504
	14–15 min	− 13.094 ± 5.699	− 12.402 ± 4.416
Right Hip Average ROM (°)	0–1 min	36.489 ± 3.923	37.357 ± 6.426	0.793	0.000*	0.856
	5–6 min	38.208 ± 4.422	38.841 ± 6.593
	9–10 min	39.335 ± 4.374	39.592 ± 6.519
	14–15 min	39.844 ± 5.109	39.924 ± 6.630
Left Hip Average ROM (°)	0–1 min	37.925 ± 4.871	38.557 ± 6.078	0.636	0.009*	0.167
	5–6 min	38.273 ± 4.704	39.951 ± 5.850
	9–10 min	39.000 ± 4.450	40.493 ± 6.267
	14–15 min	40.291 ± 5.628	39.814 ± 6.319
Right Knee Average Flexion Max (°)	0–1 min	61.887 ± 14.775	65.117 ± 14.145	0.510	0.460	0.721
	5–6 min	60.621 ± 14.207	62.844 ± 12.690
	9–10 min	59.725 ± 11.722	64.095 ± 13.576
	14–15 min	62.719 ± 15.764	64.092 ± 12.267
Left Knee Average Flexion Max (°)	0–1 min	59.320 ± 13.383	63.313 ± 12.619	0.305	0.248	0.885
	5–6 min	56.957 ± 11.254	60.181 ± 9.166
	9–10 min	57.232 ± 10.890	61.807 ± 11.954
	14–15 min	58.593 ± 12.270	61.654 ± 12.516
Right Knee Average Flexion Min (°)	0–1 min	9.966 ± 3.746	12.008 ± 3.950	0.350	0.001*	0.163
	5–6 min	9.703 ± 3.814	10.583 ± 3.822
	9–10 min	9.135 ± 4.126	10.241 ± 3.581
	14–15 min	9.265 ± 4.024	9.890 ± 3.764
Left Knee Average Flexion Min (°)	0–1 min	8.884 ± 4.742	10.547 ± 4.040	0.436	0.001*	0.182
	5–6 min	8.433 ± 4.800	9.666 ± 3.651
	9–10 min	8.193 ± 4.925	9.363 ± 3.881
	14–15 min	8.264 ± 5.174	8.765 ± 4.075
Right Knee Average ROM (°)	0–1 min	51.921 ± 13.569	53.110 ± 13.017	0.680	0.441	0.814
	5–6 min	50.919 ± 13.591	52.261 ± 11.678
	9–10 min	50.591 ± 10.873	53.853 ± 13.118
	14–15 min	53.453 ± 15.142	54.202 ± 11.451
Left Knee Average ROM (°)	0–1 min	50.436 ± 11.583	52.765 ± 10.914	0.448	0.323	0.911
	5–6 min	48.524 ± 9.471	50.515 ± 10.127
	9–10 min	49.039 ± 8.712	52.445 ± 13.225
	14–15 min	50.329 ± 10.613	52.889 ± 13.406
Right Ankle Average Dorsiflexion Max (°)	0–1 min	16.811 ± 2.082	15.273 ± 3.084	0.514	0.002*	0.287
	5–6 min	15.610 ± 4.115	14.571 ± 3.455
	9–10 min	14.119 ± 3.815	13.845 ± 3.307
	14–15 min	13.291 ± 3.653	13.924 ± 2.717
Left Ankle Average Dorsiflexion Max (°)	0–1 min	16.536 ± 2.792	16.300 ± 2.874	0.845	0.002*	0.714
	5–6 min	15.499 ± 3.328	15.626 ± 3.348
	9–10 min	14.830 ± 3.214	15.216 ± 3.159
	14–15 min	14.771 ± 3.161	15.232 ± 3.062
Right Ankle Average Plantarflexion Max (°)	0–1 min	− 14.687 ± 5.440	− 16.031 ± 6.342	0.883	0.004*	0.231
	5–6 min	− 17.323 ± 7.163	− 16.557 ± 7.422
	9–10 min	− 17.522 ± 6.758	− 17.183 ± 6.698
	14–15 min	− 17.000 ± 5.879	− 17.973 ± 6.229
Left Ankle Average Plantarflexion Max (°)	0–1 min	− 17.200 ± 8.069	− 15.427 ± 6.897	0.563	0.170	0.561
	5–6 min	− 17.768 ± 6.231	− 17.303 ± 7.198
	9–10 min	− 18.214 ± 6.274	− 16.683 ± 8.210
	14–15 min	− 17.999 ± 6.579	− 16.299 ± 8.751
Right Ankle Average ROM (°)	0–1 min	31.498 ± 6.469	31.304 ± 6.164	0.902	0.780	0.311
	5–6 min	32.933 ± 8.221	31.128 ± 8.131
	9–10 min	31.640 ± 8.491	31.028 ± 7.891
	14–15 min	30.689 ± 8.235	32.150 ± 7.199
Left Ankle Average ROM (°)	0–1 min	33.736 ± 7.713	31.727 ± 7.334	0.638	0.529	0.623
	5–6 min	33.267 ± 6.522	32.929 ± 8.270
	9–10 min	33.044 ± 6.639	31.900 ± 9.476
	14–15 min	32.769 ± 7.018	31.531 ± 9.797

Data are presented as mean ± SD; “*” indicates a significant time main effect (p < 0.05)
(Max: maximum joint angles; Min: minimum joint angles; ROM: range of motion;
RN_time: running time; RN_nonmask: running without mask; RN_mask: running with mask.)

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