Table 3 Affecting factors on AAS use for competitive bodybuilders
Variable | \(\widehat{{\mathbf{\beta }}}\) | SE (\(\widehat{{\mathbf{\beta }}}\)) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrapersonal factors | |||||
Age | − 0.075 | 0.189 | 0.927 | (0.641, 1.344) | < 0.001 |
Time of starting the bodybuilding | − 0.091 | 0.131 | 0.913 | (0.847, 1.416) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index | 0.031 | 0.345 | 1.032 | (0.525, 2.028) | 0.194 |
Attitude | 0.102 | 0.721 | 1.108 | (0.270, 4.550) | < 0.001 |
Subjective norms | 0.016 | 0.073 | 1.017 | (0.881, 1.172) | 0.546 |
Physical self-concept | − 0.225 | 0.850 | 0.798 | (0.151, 4.225) | < 0.001 |
Behavioral intention | 0.219 | 0.894 | 1.245 | (0.216, 7.180) | < 0.001 |
Behavioral willingness | 0.124 | 0.339 | 1.132 | (0.582, 2.200) | < 0.001 |
Interpersonal factors | |||||
Coach use AAS | 0.559 | 0.138 | 1.749 | (1.334, 2.292) | < 0.001 |
Friend use AAS | 1.039 | 0.539 | 2.820 | (0.983, 8.129) | < 0.001 |
Behavioral factors | |||||
Alcohol consumption | 0.715 | 0.068 | 2.045 | (1.789, 2.336) | < 0.001 |
Smoking | 0.070 | 0.249 | 1.072 | (0.658, 1.747) | 0.676 |
Supplement use | 0.813 | 0.252 | 2.256 | (1.376, 3.695) | < 0.001 |