Table 4 Affecting factors on AAS use for national level competitive bodybuilders
Variable | \(\widehat{{\mathbf{\beta }}}\) | SE (\(\widehat{{\mathbf{\beta }}}\)) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrapersonal factors | |||||
Age | − 0.204 | 0.045 | 0.815 | (0.746,0.891) | < 0.001 |
Time of starting the bodybuilding | 0.018 | 0.003 | 1.012 | (1.012, 1.025) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index | 0.138 | 0.061 | 1.148 | (1.019,1.293) | 0.023 |
Attitude | − 0.014 | 0.066 | 0.986 | (0.865,1.123) | 0.829 |
Subjective norms | 0.139 | 0.115 | 1.149 | (0.917,1.439) | 0.227 |
Physical self-concept | − 0.090 | 0.054 | 0.914 | (0.822,1.015) | 0.093 |
Behavioral intention | 0.040 | 0.110 | 1.041 | (0.839,1.291) | 0.716 |
Behavioral willingness | 0.010 | 0.080 | 1.010 | (0.864,1.181) | 0.899 |
Interpersonal factors | |||||
Coach use AAS | 0.933 | 0.437 | 2.542 | (1.080,5.983) | 0.033 |
Friend use AAS | 0.075 | 0.345 | 1.078 | (0.548,2.120) | 0.829 |
Behavioral factors | |||||
Alcohol consumption | 0.436 | 0.390 | 1.547 | (0.720,3.325) | 0.264 |
Smoking | − 1.182 | 0.370 | 0.307 | (0.148,0.634) | 0.001 |
Supplement use | − 0.576 | 0.275 | 0.562 | (0.328,0.964) | 0.036 |