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Table 5 Affecting factors on AAS use for regional level competitive bodybuilders

From: Androgenic-anabolic steroids use among bodybuilders in western Iran: application of ridge logistic regression model

Variable

\(\widehat{{\mathbf{\beta }}}\)

SE (\(\widehat{{\mathbf{\beta }}}\))

Odds ratio

95% CI

p-value

Intrapersonal factors

Age

− 0.049

0.019

0.952

(0.918,0.988)

0.009

Time of starting the bodybuilding

− 0.071

0.002

0.932

(0.928,0.935)

< 0.001

Body mass index

0.023

0.027

1.023

(0.970,1.079)

0.403

Attitude

0.107

0.024

1.113

(1.062,1.165)

< 0.001

Subjective norms

− 0.020

0.032

0.980

(0.921,1.043)

0.523

Physical self-concept

− 0.212

0.024

0.809

(0.771,0.848)

< 0.001

Behavioral intention

0.224

0.039

1.250

(1.159,1.349)

< 0.001

Behavioral willingness

− 0.136

0.041

0.872

(0.805,0.945)

0.001

Interpersonal factors

Coach use AAS

0.332

0.140

1.394

(1.059,1.835)

0.018

Friend use AAS

1.045

0.143

2.842

(2.147,3.762)

< 0.001

Behavioral factors

Alcohol consumption

0.622

0.241

1.862

(1.162,2.985)

0.010

Smoking

0.041

0.185

1.041

(0.725,1.496)

0.826

Supplement use

0.969

0.162

2.636

(1.919,3.621)

< 0.001