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Table 3 Percentage changes from baseline of the lower extremity muscle strength on the dominant limb are presented as mean (SD) at posttest (POST) in each group

From: Non-linear dose response effect of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on muscle strength in young healthy adults: a randomized controlled study

Muscles of the dominant limb

Groups

Percentage change from baseline

Within group comparison

Between group comparison

POST [Mean (SD)]

Z

p value

Effect size

Overall

Post hoc

Comparison groups

p value

Hip flexor

Sham tDCS

0.02 (2.78)

− 0.746

0.470

0.22

< 0.001***

Sham versus 1 mA

0.007**

 

1.0 mA ctDCS

− 13.01 (8.74)

− 3.059

< 0.001***

0.88

 

Sham versus 1.5 mA

0.018*

 

1.5 mA ctDCS

− 12.45 (7.24)

− 2.981

< 0.001***

0.86

 

Sham versus 2 mA

0.564

 

2.0 mA ctDCS

9.46 (7.45)

1.961

0.052

0.57

 

1 mA versus 1.5 mA

0.993

       

1 mA versus 2 mA

< 0.001***

       

1.5 mA versus 2 mA

< 0.001***

Knee extensor

Sham tDCS

− 0.17 (2.01)

0.392

0.733

0.11

< 0.001***

Sham versus 1 mA

0.018*

 

1.0 mA ctDCS

− 8.45 (5.93)

− 3.059

< 0.001***

0.88

 

Sham versus 1.5 mA

0.702

 

1.5 mA ctDCS

− 5.39 (8.46)

− 2.275

0.021*

0.66

 

Sham versus 2 mA

0.648

 

2.0 mA ctDCS

7.27 (10.68)

1.647

0.110

0.48

 

1 mA versus 1.5 mA

0.648

       

1 mA versus 2 mA

< 0.001***

       

1.5 mA versus 2 mA

0.023*

Knee flexor

Sham tDCS

1.21 (3.90)

0.314

0.791

0.09

< 0.001***

Sham versus 1 mA

0.037*

 

1.0 mA ctDCS

− 8.74 (5.33)

− 3.059

< 0.001***

0.88

 

Sham versus 1.5 mA

0.068

 

1.5 mA ctDCS

− 7.82 (7.26)

− 2.747

0.003**

0.79

 

Sham versus 2 mA

0.079

 

2.0 mA ctDCS

15.50 (9.39)

3.059

< 0.001**

0.88

 

1 mA versus 1.5 mA

0.996

       

1 mA versus 2 mA

< 0.001***

       

1.5 mA versus 2 mA

< 0.001***

Ankle dorsiflexor

Sham tDCS

− 0.25 (6.25)

0.157

0.910

0.05

< 0.001***

Sham versus 1 mA

0.002**

 

1.0 mA ctDCS

− 14.97 (6.36)

− 3.059

< 0.001***

0.88

 

Sham versus 1.5 mA

0.071

 

1.5 mA ctDCS

− 8.43 (8.97)

− 2.510

0.009**

0.73

 

Sham versus 2 mA

0.990

 

2.0 mA ctDCS

− 0.67 (7.05)

− 0.078

0.970

0.02

 

1 mA versus 1.5 mA

0.676

       

1 mA versus 2 mA

0.006**

       

1.5 mA versus 2 mA

0.144

Ankle plantarflexor

Sham tDCS

− 2.51 (10.23)

− 0.314

0.791

0.09

0.002**

Sham versus 1 mA

0.119

 

1.0 mA ctDCS

− 8.38 (6.61)

− 2.903

0.001**

0.84

 

Sham versus 1.5 mA

0.657

 

1.5 mA ctDCS

− 5.07 (7.98)

− 2.197

0.027*

0.63

 

Sham versus 2 mA

0.472

 

2.0 mA ctDCS

6.63 (10.01)

1.647

0.110

0.48

 

1 mA versus 1.5 mA

0.711

       

1 mA versus 2 mA

0.001**

       

1.5 mA versus 2 mA

0.047*

  1. *Indicated p < 0.05, **indicated p < 0.01, and *** indicated p < 0.001
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BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 2052-1847

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