Non-linear dose response effect of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on muscle strength in young healthy adults: a randomized controlled study

Vimolratana, Oranich; Lackmy-Vallee, Alexandra; Aneksan, Benchaporn; Hiengkaew, Vimonwan; Klomjai, Wanalee

doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00621-7

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 5 Percentage changes from baseline of the lower extremity muscle strength on the non-dominant limb are presented as mean (SD) at posttest (POST) in each group

From: Non-linear dose response effect of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on muscle strength in young healthy adults: a randomized controlled study

Muscles of the non-dominant limb	Groups	Percentage change from baseline	Within group comparison			Between group comparison
		POST [Mean (SD)]	Z	p value	Effect size	Overall	Post hoc
		POST [Mean (SD)]	Z	p value	Effect size	Overall	Comparison groups	p value
Hip flexor	Sham tDCS	1.09 (5.62)	0.942	0.380	0.27	< 0.001***	Sham versus 1 mA	0.008**
	1.0 mA ctDCS	− 11.38 (8.15)	− 3.059	< 0.001***	0.88		Sham versus 1.5 mA	0.263
	1.5 mA ctDCS	− 4.40 (7.19)	− 2.118	0.034*	0.61		Sham versus 2 mA	0.592
	2.0 mA ctDCS	9.98 (5.04)	1.883	0.064	0.54		1 mA versus 1.5 mA	0.536
							1 mA versus 2 mA	< 0.001***
							1.5 mA versus 2 mA	0.011*
Knee extensor	Sham tDCS	4.66 (6.60)	1.883	0.064	0.54	0.012*	Sham versus 1 mA	0.024*
	1.0 mA ctDCS	− 4.79 (8.99)	− 2.118	0.034*	0.61		Sham versus 1.5 mA	0.676
	1.5 mA ctDCS	1.10 (6.58)	0.235	0.850	0.07		Sham versus 2 mA	1.000
	2.0 mA ctDCS	7.06 (10.63)	1.490	0.151	0.43		1 mA versus 1.5 mA	0.321
							1 mA versus 2 mA	0.021**
							1.5 mA versus 2 mA	0.648
Knee flexor	Sham tDCS	− 0.20 (5.81)	0.000	1.000	0.00	0.005**	Sham versus 1 mA	0.066
	1.0 mA ctDCS	− 6.06 (10.33)	− 2.275	0.021*	0.66		Sham versus 1.5 mA	0.243
	1.5 mA ctDCS	− 3.95 (12.64)	− 1.804	0.077	0.52		Sham versus 2 mA	0.933
	2.0 mA ctDCS	7.19 (9.39)	1.255	0.233	0.36		1 mA versus 1.5 mA	0.933
							1 mA versus 2 mA	0.012*
							1.5 mA versus 2 mA	0.097
Ankle dorsiflexor	Sham tDCS	− 1.72 (7.40)	− 1.177	0.266	0.34	0.001**	Sham versus 1 mA	0.052
	1.0 mA ctDCS	− 11.80 (5.78)	− 3.059	< 0.001***	0.88		Sham versus 1.5 mA	0.758
	1.5 mA ctDCS	− 6.71 (13.29)	− 1.961	0.052	0.57		Sham versus 2 mA	0.550
	2.0 mA ctDCS	5.27 (9.28)	1.647	0.110	0.48		1 mA versus 1.5 mA	0.397
							1 mA versus 2 mA	< 0.001***
							1.5 mA versus 2 mA	0.097
Ankle plantarflexor	Sham tDCS	− 1.74 (5.75)	− 0.863	0.424	0.25	0.003**	Sham versus 1 mA	0.040*
	1.0 mA ctDCS	− 10.01 (3.91)	− 3.059	< 0.001***	0.88		Sham versus 1.5 mA	0.352
	1.5 mA ctDCS	− 7.32 (12.21)	− 1.804	0.077	0.52		Sham versus 2 mA	0.879
	2.0 mA ctDCS	2.68 (6.80)	1.255	0.233	0.36		1 mA versus 1.5 mA	0.746
							1 mA versus 2 mA	0.004**
							1.5 mA versus 2 mA	0.079

*Indicated p < 0.05, **indicated p < 0.01, and ***indicated p < 0.001

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