Influence of muscle volume on jumping performance in healthy male and female youth and young adults

Table 4 Performances realized through vertical jump by participants according to their age group (9–10 years old; 14–15 years old; and 20–22 years old) and their sex with reference to muscle volume and lower limb length

		SJ/MV	SJ/LLL	CMJ/MV	CMJ/LLL	CMJ with arms/MV	CMJ with arms/LLL
9–10 years	Males	3.90 ± 1.47	0.22 ± 0.08	4.55 ± 1.72	0.25 ± 0.06	5.26 ± 1.61	0.29 ± 0.08
	Females	4.14 ± 1.17	0.20 ± 0.06	4.70 ± 0.96	0.22 ± 0.04	5.03 ± 1.14	0.24 ± 0.06
	Dif %	+ 5.79	− 10	+ 3.19	− 13.64	− 4.57	− 20.83
	P Value	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	0.01*
14-15 years	Males	3.11 ± 0.75	0.21 ± 0.04	3.54 ± 1.14	0.24 ± 0.05	3.86 ± 1.31	0.26 ± 0.07
	Females	3.53 ± 1.06	0.21 ± 0.07	3.64 ± 0.60	0.21 ± 0.04	3.90 ± 1.35	0.23 ± 0.08
	Dif %	+ 11.90		+ 2.75	− 14.29*	+ 1.03	− 13.04
	P Value	0.02*	NS	0.05*	0.01*	NS	0.01*
20-22 years (young adults)	Males	3.39 ± 0.79	0.32 ± 0.06	3.58 ± 1.08	0.33 ± 0.09	3.81 ± 1.03	0.33 ± 0.09
	Females	2.84 ± 0.69	0.21 ± 0.06	3.01 ± 0.77	0.22 ± 0.06	3.17 ± 0.96	0.24 ± 0.07
	Dif %	− 19.37	− 52.38	− 18.94	− 50	− 20.19	− 43.48
	P Value	0.005***	0.001***	0.02*	0.001***	0.001***	0.001***

Data are presented as the means ± SD. Dif %: differences between male and female participants of the same age group expressed in female participant value percentage. SJ: squat jump height (in cm); CMJ: counter movement jump height (in cm); CMJ arm: Counter movement jump height with arms (in cm); LLL lower limb length (in cm); MV: lower limb muscle volume in litre (l). For convenience, the report of SJ/MV, CMJ/MV and CMJ with arm/MV is presented and discussed in the text without unit. * (P < 0. 05) and *** (P < 0.001): significant differences between both sexes for each age group

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