Horse-riding hazards: an observational cohort study mapping equestrian related injuries at a Scandinavian trauma centre

Table 5 Differences between age groups (Group 1: 0–10 years, Group 2: 11–17 years, Group 3: 18–54 years, Group 4: 55 years and over) for patients admitted to hospital

Variable	Group 1 n = 91	Group 2 n = 206	Group 3 n = 365	Group 4 n = 95	H	χ²	p
Sex (% female within each age category)	95.6	97.1	93.2	76.8		χ²(3) = 41.158	< 0.001
CCI (mean rank)	256.55	252.51	398.52	695.59	H (3) = 425.028		< 0.001
GCS (mean rank)	396.61	381.12	376.18	364.42	H (3) = 5.575		0.134
TAL (% within each age category)						χ²(3) = 75.290	< 0.001
Walking in	57.1	49.0	23.0	23.2
TAL 1	0.0	7.8	10.7	15.8
TAL 2	34.1	35.9	55.9	53.7
Transfer	8.8	7.3	10.4	7.4
MOI (% within each age category)						χ²(3) = 23.312	0.006
Fall	95.6	87.4	79.2	86.3
Kicked	0.0	1.5	2.2	1.1
Crushed	0.0	0.5	2.5	4.2
Multiple	4.4	10.7	16.2	8.4
NOI (mean rank)	322.97	332.86	396.90	463.94	H (3) = 48.871		< 0.001
HLOS (mean rank)	263.57	302.29	423.26	485.84	H (3) = 94.160		< 0.001
ICU LOS (mean rank)	365.07	371.89	382.76	393.32	H (3) = 8.109		0.044
ICU admission (% within each age category)	1.1	2.9	5.8	8.4		χ²(3) = 7.851	0.049
Surgery (% within each age category)	76.9	43.2	35.3	42.1		χ²(3) = 51.365	< 0.001
TBI* (% within each age category)	12.1	28.6	25.2	27.4		χ²(3) = 9.873	0.020
Vertebral fracture* (% within each age category)	2.2	5.3	19.5	20.0		χ²(3) = 35.966	< 0.001
Upper extremity injury* (% within each age category)	72.5	35.4	23.0	27.4		χ²(3) = 82.818	< 0.001
Lower extremity injury* (% within each age category)	8.8	21.8	20.0	10.5		χ²(3) = 11.893	0.008
Thoracic injury* (% within each age category)	2.2	4.4	16.4	33.7		χ²(3) = 60.099	< 0.001

CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, TAL trauma alert level, MOI mechanism of injury, HLOS hospital length of stay, ICU LOS ICU length of stay care, ICU intensive care unit, NOI number of injuries, TBI traumatic brain injury
*Percentages may add up to less or more than 100% for each age category due to some patients sustaining multiple injuries

ISSN: 2052-1847