Table 4 Intention-to-treat analysis of change in psychological outcomes within and between groups
Variable | 1. Routine care (n = 84) | 2. Behavioral medicine (n = 86) | Between-group effects (1–2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% CI), p-value | Mean (95% CI), p-value | Mean (95% CI), p-value | |||
HADS anxiety | Baseline | 4.4 (3.6–5.1) | 3.3 (2.7–4.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0), p = 0.043 | |
4 months | 3.0 (2.4–3.6) | 2.7 (2.0–3.4) | 0.3 (− 0.6–1.3), p = 0.532 | ||
1 year | 3.3 (2.6–4.0) | 2.9 (2.2–3.5) | 0.4 (− 0.6–1.5), p = 0.415 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | − 1.4 (− 2.0 to − 0.8), p < 0.001 | − 0.7 (− 1.1 to − 0.2), p = 0.011 | − 0.7 (− 1.5–0.1), p = 0.077 | |
4 months–1 year | 0.3 (− 0.3–0.9), p = 0.334 | 0.2 (− 0.3–0.6), p = 0.505 | 0.1 (− 0.7–0.9), p = 0.756 | ||
HADS depression | Baseline | 2.2 (1.7–2.7) | 2.0 (1.5–2.5) | 0.2 (− 0.5–0.9), p = 0.605 | |
4 months | 2.2 (1.7–2.8) | 1.7 (1.2–2.2) | 0.5 (− 0.2–1.3), p = 0.173 | ||
1 year | 2.1 (1.6–2.5) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | 0.2 (− 0.5–0.9), p = 0.561 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 0.1 (− 0.4–0.6), p = 0.827 | − 0.3 (− 0.7–0.1), p = 0.193 | 0.3 (− 0.3–1.0), p = 0.326 | |
4 months–1 year | − 0.2 (− 0.7–0.4), p = 0.547 | 0.2 (− 0.2–0.5), p = 0.354 | − 0.3 (− 0.9–0.3), p = 0.319 | ||
Self-efficacy for exercise scale | Baseline | 51.2 (46–56.5) | 57.7 (52.6–62.8) | − 6.5 (− 13.7–0.8), p = 0.080 | |
4 months | 49.7 (44.5–54.8) | 56.5 (51.6–61.4) | − 6.8 (− 14–0.3), p = 0.062 | ||
1 year | 46.6 (41.7–51.5) | 50.6 (45.5–55.8) | − 4.0 (− 11.1–3.1), p = 0.266 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | − 1.6 (− 7.6–4.5), p = 0.615 | − 1.2 (− 6.4–4), p = 0.650 | − 0.3 (− 8.2–7.6), p = 0.932 | |
4 months–1 year | − 3.1 (− 7.9–1.8), p = 0.219 | − 5.9 (− 10.8 to − 1), p = 0.020 | 2.8 (− 3.9–9.5), p = 0.409 | ||
Patient enablement instrument | 4 months | 6.0 (5.2–6.7) | 6.8 (6.1–7.6) | − 0.9 (− 2.1–0.3), p = 0.148 | |
1 year | 5.9 (5.2–6.7) | 6.2 (5.4–6.9) | − 0.3 (− 1.4–0.9), p = 0.658 |