Evaluation of hand functions and distal radioulnar joint instability in elite wheelchair basketball athletes: a cross-sectional pilot study

Yuine, Hiroshi; Mutsuzaki, Hirotaka; Yoshii, Yuichi; Shimizu, Yukiyo; Ishida, Natsuki; Yasuda, Taku; Iwai, Koichi; Hotta, Kazushi; Shiraishi, Hideki; Tachibana, Kaori

doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00658-8

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 5 Relationship between hand functions and DRUJ instability determined using GLMM

From: Evaluation of hand functions and distal radioulnar joint instability in elite wheelchair basketball athletes: a cross-sectional pilot study

Characteristic	Intact wrists (n = 11)						TFCC-injured wrists (n = 7)
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	t	p-value	t	p-value	t	p-value	t	p-value	t	p-value	t	p-value
Grip strength
	2.94	0.019	1.28	0.243	13.2	0.000	− 1.09	0.339	− 1.12	0.346	2.25	0.088
DF ratio	− 4.70	0.002^**	− 4.38	0.003^**	− 4.62	0.002^**	5.23	0.006^**	4.25	0.024^*	1.79	0.147
Age	2.18	0.061	0.39	0.709			3.41	0.027^*	2.95	0.060
Classification			0.25	0.810	2.15	0.064			− 0.63	0.574	0.74	0.503
AICc	83.3	75.6	82.0	45.9	40.0	47.3
BIC	82.7	74.7	81.4	43.3	35.1	44.7
ROM, palmar flexion
	3.30	0.011	1.01	0.345	13.1	0.000	5.75	0.005	7.87	0.004	6.54	0.003
DF ratio	− 1.69	0.130	− 1.59	0.156	− 1.58	0.153	− 1.38	0.239	− 0.21	0.849	1.32	0.257
Age	1.81	0.107	0.68	0.517			− 3.72	0.020^*	− 3.23	0.048^*
Classification			− 0.17	0.869	1.62	0.144			− 2.46	0.091	− 2.83	0.047^*
AICc	57.2	52.8	56.3	37.0	30.4	35.1
BIC	56.6	52.0	55.7	34.4	25.4	32.5
ROM, dorsiflexion
	4.22	0.003	2.97	0.021	10.4	0.000	7.64	0.002	8.09	0.004	12.2	0.000
DF ratio	0.62	0.555	0.76	0.470	0.56	0.591	1.37	0.243	2.10	0.126	3.37	0.028^*
Age	− 0.52	0.616	− 1.49	0.180			− 2.88	0.045^*	− 1.87	0.159
Classification			1.39	0.208	− 0.09	0.927			− 1.45	0.243	− 2.38	0.076
AICc	60.9	54.3	59.7	30.2	27.0	27.7
BIC	60.3	53.5	59.1	27.6	22.1	25.1
ROM, radial deviation
	1.65	0.138	2.44	0.045	3.77	0.005	0.88	0.431	0.63	0.574	3.76	0.020
DF ratio	0.42	0.683	0.64	0.544	0.38	0.717	0.61	0.574	1.05	0.369	0.53	0.622
Age	− 0.30	0.773	− 1.88	0.102			0.57	0.597	1.01	0.389
Classification			1.86	0.105	0.21	0.838			− 0.95	0.411	− 0.47	0.665
AICc	60.0	52.4	58.6	31.0	28.4	27.6
BIC	59.4	51.6	58.0	28.4	23.5	25.0
ROM, ulnar deviation
	3.29	0.011	4.74	0.002	5.98	0.000	6.95	0.002	6.16	0.009	5.24	0.006
DF ratio	0.16	0.878	0.49	0.637	0.06	0.950	2.70	0.054	2.44	0.093	3.33	0.029^*
Age	− 1.16	0.278	− 3.53	0.010^**			− 4.19	0.014^*	− 2.84	0.066
Classification			3.16	0.016^*	− 0.42	0.687			− 0.70	0.537	− 1.68	0.169
AICc	62.2	50.9	61.8	27.5	26.1	28.6
BIC	61.6	50.1	61.2	24.9	21.2	26.0
Arm circumference
	7.26	0.000	1.72	0.129	23.3	0.000	6.89	0.002	7.73	0.005	14.9	0.000
DF ratio	− 3.01	0.017^*	− 3.18	0.016^*	− 2.62	0.031^*	0.29	0.788	1.28	0.290	− 0.45	0.677
Age	2.31	0.050^*	1.85	0.106			1.97	0.120	2.92	0.062
Classification			− 1.19	0.274	1.66	0.136			− 1.68	0.191	-0.03	0.980
AICc	32.1	29.6	32.4	18.5	17.8	17.8
BIC	31.5	28.7	31.8	15.9	12.9	15.1
Forearm circumference
	11.9	0.000	3.67	0.008	36.1	0.000	10.5	0.000	10.1	0.002	23.0	0.000
DF ratio	− 5.86	0.000^**	− 5.73	0.001^**	− 4.83	0.001^**	2.63	0.058	1.53	0.224	0.39	0.715
Age	4.01	0.004^**	1.90	0.100			2.87	0.046^*	1.80	0.170
Classification			− 0.75	0.480	3.02	0.016^*			0.89	0.439	1.85	0.138
AICc	21.5	21.0	22.8	13.4	15.2	11.9
BIC	20.9	20.2	22.2	10.8	10.3	9.28

DRUJ Distal radioulnar joint, GLMM Generalized linear mixed model, DF Ratio; displacement-to-force ratio, AICc Corrected Akaike’s information criterion, BIC Bayesian information criterion, ROM Range of motion
*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01

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ISSN: 2052-1847

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