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Table 4 Adjusted meansa (mean (SE)) of LM measurements in prone and standing for artists with and without LBP in past 4-weeks

From: Ultrasonography of the multifidus muscle in student circus artists with and without low back pain: a cross-sectional study

   

p-values

η2

No LBP (n = 17)

LBP (n = 14)

Prone

 CSA (cm2)b

7.25 (0.23)

7.38 (0.25)

0.713

0.005

 CSA asymmetry (%) b

1.32 (0.79)

4.19 (0.88)

0.029

0.171

 Echo intensity (arbitrary units) b

45.65 (2.69)

42.26 (2.99)

0.431

0.024

Thickness (cm)

    

 Rest

2.76 (0.06)

2.79 (0.06)

0.780

0.003

 Rest  Asymmetry (%)

6.28 (1.25)

5.77 (1.40)

0.797

0.002

 Contracted b

3.00 (0.07)

3.01 (0.07)

0.910

0.001

 Contracted Asymmetry (%)

7.79 (1.18)

6.80 (1.27)

0.593

0.011

 Percentage change (%)

8.55 (1.14)

8.04 (1.23)

0.773

0.003

 Percentage change Asymmetry (%)

3.57 (0.88)

5.17 (0.95)

0.251

0.050

Standing

 CSA (cm2) b

8.38 (0.25)

8.56 (0.28)

0.664

0.007

 CSA asymmetry (%) b

2.58 (0.69)

2.51 (0.77)

0.948

0.000

 Thickness (cm)

3.28 (0.07)

3.28 (0.08)

  

 Rest b

  

0.994

0.000

 Rest Asymmetry (%)

5.66 (1.27)

5.93 (1.42)

0.894

0.001

 Contractedb

3.42 (0.07)

3.43 (0.08)

0.944

0.000

 Contracted Asymmetry (%)

6.14 (1.04)

4.43 (1.20)

0.314

0.039

 Percentage change (%)

4.78 (0.72)

4.55 (0.84)

0.845

0.001

 Percentage change  Asymmetry (%)

2.42 (0.83)

3.90 (0.96)

0.279

0.045

  1. aAdjusted means for lean body mass and height
  2. bAdjusted means for lean body mass, height and total body fat %
  3. bold = P < 0.05