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Table 5 Adjusted meansa (mean (SE)) of LM measurements in prone and standing for artists with and without LBP in past 3-months

From: Ultrasonography of the multifidus muscle in student circus artists with and without low back pain: a cross-sectional study

   

p-values

η2

No LBP (n = 15)

LBP (n = 16)

Prone

 CSA (cm2) b

7.27 (0.25)

7.35 (0.24)

0.822

0.002

 CSA asymmetry (%) b

0.82 (0.83)

4.30 (0.80)

0.009

0.232

 Echo intensity (arbitrary units) b

44.62 (2.99)

43.65 (2.88)

0.830

0.002

Thickness (cm)

 Rest

2.75 (0.06)

2.80 (0.06)

0.544

0.014

 Rest Asymmetry (%)

7.55 (1.30)

4.64 (1.25)

0.137

0.080

 Contracted b

3.00 (0.07)

3.01 (0.07)

0.940

0.000

 Contracted Asymmetry (%)

7.96 (1.22)

6.69 (1.22)

0.493

0.018

 Percentage change (%)

8.68 (1.19)

7.95 (1.19)

0.684

0.006

 Percentage change Asymmetry (%)

4.46 (0.95)

4.18 (0.95)

0.845

0.001

Standing

 CSA (cm2) b

8.56 (0.28)

8.37 (0.27)

0.638

.009

 CSA asymmetry (%) b

2.67 (0.76)

2.43 (0.73)

0.831

0.002

 Thickness (cm)

3.28 (0.08)

3.27 (0.08)

  

 Rest b

  

0.934

0.000

 Rest Asymmetry (%)

4.90 (1.35)

6.60 (1.31)

0.398

0.027

 Contracted b

3.42 (0.08)

3.43 (0.07)

0.946

0.000

 Contracted Asymmetry (%)

5.78 (1.13)

5.04 (1.13)

0.675

0.007

 Percentage change (%)

4.65 (0.78)

4.71 (0.78)

0.957

0.000

 Percentage change Asymmetry (%)

3.18 (0.91)

2.94 (0.91)

0.863

0.001

  1. aAdjusted means for lean body mass and height
  2. bAdjusted means for lean body mass, height and total body fat %
  3. bold = P < 0.05