Effects of back school-based intervention on non-specific neck pain in adults: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Inferential statistics of the ANCOVA test per intention to treat

Variable	Group (N)	Pre-test Mean ± SD	Post-test Mean ± SD	Mean differences [95% CI]	p value	Hedges’ g
VAS (mm)	CG (29)	49.7 ± 10.7	21 ± 13	-29 [-34 to -24]	p < 0.001	1.04
VAS (mm)	EG (29)	50 ± 9.7	10 ± 7.3	-40 [-42 to -37]	p < 0.001	1.04
NDI	CG (29)	10.8 ± 5	5.9 ± 4.6	-5 [-6.1 to -3.8]	p < 0.001	1.23
NDI	EG (29)	11.1 ± 4.3	1.8 ± 0.9	-9.3 [-10.8 to -7.8]	p < 0.001	1.23
fSF-36	CG (29)	40.6 ± 6.1	41.9 ± 5	1.4 [0.7 to 2]	p = 0.01	-1.88
fSF-36	EG (29)	40.2 ± 7	45 ± 6.1	4.8 [4.1 to 5.5]	p = 0.01	-1.88
pSF-36	CG (29)	57 ± 3.9	57.2 ± 3.6	0.2 [-0.7 to 1.1]	p = 0.7	0.01
pSF-36	EG (29)	56.6 ± 3.4	56.8 ± 3.9	0.2 [-1.4 to 1.7]	p = 0.7	0.01
TSK-11	CG (29)	27.7 ± 5.1	24.9 ± 5.5	-2.8 [-4.4 to -1.3]	p < 0.001	2.04
TSK-11	EG (29)	27.9 ± 4.7	17 ± 2.4	-10.8 [-12.4 to -9.3]	p < 0.001	2.04

N: sample; SD: standard deviation; CI: Confidence Interval; CG: control group; EG: experimental group; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; p: p value; NDI: Neck Disability Index; fSF-36: physical Short-Form Health Survey-36; pSF-36: psychosocial Short-Form Health Survey-36; TSK-11: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.

ISSN: 2052-1847