Table 1 Mean and standard deviation of each exercise benefits scale questionnaire item
PERCEIVED BENEFITS ITEMS | M ± SD |
|---|---|
LIFE ENHANCEMENT SUB-SCALE | |
25. My disposition is improved with exercise (mood or general attitude about life). | 2.75 ± 0.95 |
26. Exercising helps me sleep better at night. | 3.26 ± 0.72 |
29. Exercise helps me decrease fatigue. | 3.10 ± 0.81 |
32. Exercising improves my self-concept (the way in which I think about myself and the image I have of myself). | 3.06 ± 0.78 |
34. Exercising increases my mental alertness (speed of thought or power of concentration). | 2.98 ± 0.84 |
35. Exercise allows me to carry out normal activities without becoming tired. | 3.28 ± 0.63 |
36. Exercise improves the quality of my work | 3.10 ± 0.76 |
41. Exercise improves overall body functioning for me. | 3.23 ± 0.68 |
PHYSICAL PERFOMANCE SUB-SCALE | |
7. Exercise increases my muscle strength (the ability of a muscle to employ an effort against some resistance e.g. digging) | 3.32 ± 0.66 |
15. Exercising increases my level of physical fitness (the ability to carry out activities without undue tiring). | 3.31 ± 0.71 |
17. My muscle tone (the state of tension inside the muscle that is maintained continuously even at rest or when relaxed and which increases in resistance to stretch) is improved with exercise | 3.18 ± 0.70 |
18. Exercising improves functioning of my heart and circulation of blood in my body. | 3.26 ± 0.74 |
22. Exercise increases my stamina (the ability to maintain prolonged physical or mental effort). | 3.23 ± 0.76 |
23. Exercise improves my flexibility (the ability of joints and muscles to move freely e.g. lifting the arm, bending the body). | 3.16 ± 0.77 |
31. My physical endurance is improved by exercising (the strength to keep going e.g. being able to walk for 30 minutes or more). | 3.03 ± 0.83 |
43. Exercise improves the way my body looks. | 3.24 ± 0.72 |
PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTLOOK SUB-SCALE | |
1. I enjoy exercise | 3.33 ± 0.75 |
2. Exercise decreases feelings of stress and tension for me. | 3.25 ± 0.72 |
3. Exercise improves my mental health (feeling happy and emotionally well). | 3.33 ± 0.69 |
8. Exercise gives me a sense of personal accomplishment (the successful completion of something). | 3.24 ± 0.70 |
10. Exercising makes me feel relaxed. | 3.31 ± 0.69 |
20. I have improved feelings of wellbeing from exercise (to be healthy, comfortable and happy). | 3.15 ± 0.74 |
SOCIAL INTERACTION SUB-SCALE | |
11. Exercising lets me have contact with friends and persons I enjoy | 3.06 ± 0.87 |
30. Exercising is a good way for me to meet new people | 3.07 ± 0.82 |
38. Exercise is good entertainment for me. | 3.06 ± 0.78 |
39. Exercising increases my acceptance by others. | 2.99 ± 0.84 |
PREVENTIVE HEALTH SUB-SCALE | |
5. I will prevent heart attacks by exercising. | 3.34 ± 0.65 |
13. Exercising will keep me from having high blood pressure | 3.20 ± 0.75 |
27. I will live longer if I exercise. | 3.23 ± 0.75 |
ALL BENEFITS ITEMS | 3.18 ± 0.48 |