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  1. Exergaming is a promising new alternative to traditional modes of therapeutic exercise which may be preferable and more effective for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Impaired balance is reported as one of...

    Authors: Jonathan Robinson, John Dixon, Alasdair Macsween, Paul van Schaik and Denis Martin
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2015 7:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. To investigate more practical handling of Borg’s ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and category-ratio scale of RPE (CR-10), we evaluated interrelationships between RPE, CR-10, and blood lactate concentration...

    Authors: Daijiro Abe, Takayoshi Yoshida, Hatsumi Ueoka, Koji Sugiyama and Yoshiyuki Fukuoka
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2015 7:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Psychological perceptions are increasingly being recognized as important to recovery and rehabilitation post-surgery. This research longitudinally examined perceptions of the personal importance of exercise an...

    Authors: Monique AM Gignac, Xingshan Cao, Subha Ramanathan, Lawrence M White, Mark Hurtig, Monica Kunz and Paul H Marks
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2015 7:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed on exercise cycle or treadmill is considered safe and often more beneficial for fat loss and cardiometabolic health than moderate-intensity continuous training...

    Authors: Birinder S Cheema, Timothy B Davies, Matthew Stewart, Shona Papalia and Evan Atlantis
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2015 7:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. This study investigated changes in normalised running speed as a proxy for effort distribution over segments in male elite and age group 100 km ultra-marathoners with the assumption that older runners would sl...

    Authors: Christoph A Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Matthias A Zingg and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2015 7:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Excessive knee valgus moments are considered to be a risk factor for non-contact injuries in female athletes. Knee injuries are highly prevalent in netballers and are significant in terms of cost and disabilit...

    Authors: Andrew John Greene, Max Christian Stuelcken, Richard Murray Smith and Benedicte Vanwanseele
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Given the clinical practice of prescribing physical rehabilitation for the treatment of VML injuries, the present study examined the functional and histomorphological adaptations in the volumetric muscle loss ...

    Authors: Amit Aurora, Koyal Garg, Benjamin T Corona and Thomas J Walters
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. It has been demonstrated that core strength training is an effective means to enhance trunk muscle strength (TMS) and proxies of physical fitness in youth. Of note, cross-sectional studies revealed that the in...

    Authors: Urs Granacher, Jörg Schellbach, Katja Klein, Olaf Prieske, Jean-Pierre Baeyens and Thomas Muehlbauer
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Rugby union players can take several days to fully recover from competition. Muscle damage induced during the match has a major role in player recovery; however the specific characteristics of match play that ...

    Authors: Marc R Jones, Daniel J West, Bradley J Harrington, Christian J Cook, Richard M Bracken, David A Shearer and Liam P Kilduff
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Recent findings showed that elite Ironman triathletes competing in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ improved both split and overall race times. The present study investigated whether elite athletes also improved in transition...

    Authors: Christoph A Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Romuald Lepers and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Recent studies found that the athlete’s age of the best ultra-marathon performance was higher than the athlete’s age of the best marathon performance and it seemed that the athlete’s age of peak ultra-marathon...

    Authors: Christoph Alexander Rüst, Matthias Alexander Zingg, Thomas Rosemann and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Positive affective responses can lead to improved adherence to exercise. This study sought to examine the affective responses and exercise intensity of self-selected exercise in adolescent girls.

    Authors: Charlotte C Hamlyn-Williams, Paul Freeman and Gaynor Parfitt
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The aim of the present study was to investigate participation and performance trends regarding the nationality of successful solo swimmers in the ‘English Channel Swim’.

    Authors: Beat Knechtle, Thomas Rosemann and Christoph Alexander Rüst
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. While the neural and mechanical effects of whole nerve cutaneous stimulation on human locomotion have been previously studied, there is less information about effects evoked by activation of discrete skin regi...

    Authors: E Paul Zehr, Tsuyoshi Nakajima, Trevor Barss, Taryn Klarner, Stefanie Miklosovic, Rinaldo A Mezzarane, Matthew Nurse and Tomoyoshi Komiyama
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The aims of the study were (i) to investigate the relationship between elite marathon race times and age in 1-year intervals by using the world single age records in marathon running from 5 to 93 years and (ii) t...

    Authors: Beat Knechtle, Hervé Assadi, Romuald Lepers, Thomas Rosemann and Christoph Alexander Rüst
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In the past, plyometric training (PT) has been predominantly performed on stable surfaces. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine effects of a 7-week lower body PT on stable vs. unstable surfaces. This...

    Authors: Armin Kibele, Claudia Classen, Thomas Muehlbauer, Urs Granacher and David G Behm
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Protein supplements are extensively used among commercial gym users and athletes. Although demographic information amongst such consumption has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to compare pro...

    Authors: Antonino Bianco, Caterina Mammina, Ewan Thomas, Francesco Ciulla, Umberto Pupella, Francesco Gagliardo, Marianna Bellafiore, Giuseppe Battaglia, Antonio Paoli and Antonio Palma
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Antioxidant supplementation has recently been demonstrated to be a double-edged sword, because small to moderate doses of exogenous antioxidants are essential or beneficial, while high doses may have adverse e...

    Authors: Gøran Paulsen, Kristoffer T Cumming, Håvard Hamarsland, Elisabet Børsheim, Sveinung Berntsen and Truls Raastad
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:28
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Physical inactivity is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Recently, we showed that non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) assessed by the self-reported questionnaire is favorably associated with metabolic...

    Authors: Hidetaka Hamasaki, Hidekatsu Yanai, Masafumi Kakei, Mitsuhiko Noda and Osamu Ezaki
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. A recent review concludes that the agreement of data across ActiGraph accelerometer models for children and youth still is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of three generations of...

    Authors: May Grydeland, Bjoerge Herman Hansen, Mathias Ried-Larsen, Elin Kolle and Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. This study investigated swimming speeds and sex differences of finalists competing at the Olympic Games (i.e. 624 female and 672 male athletes) and FINA World Championships (i.e. 990 women and 1008 men) between 1...

    Authors: Stefanie Wild, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The hemodynamic and cardiac responses to exercise have been widely investigated in adults. However, little is known regarding myocardial performance in response to a short bout of maximal exercise in adolescen...

    Authors: Åsa Fomin, Cristina Da Silva, Mattias Ahlstrand, Anders Sahlén, Lars Lund, Marcus Stahlberg, Anders Gabrielsen and Aristomenis Manouras
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:24
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  27. Despite growing interest in the relationship between exercise and short-term neural plasticity, the effects of exercise on motor cortical (M1) excitability are not well studied. Acute, lower-limb aerobic exerc...

    Authors: Amaya M Singh, Robin E Duncan, Jason L Neva and W Richard Staines
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Repeated sprint performance is determined by explosive production of power, as well as rapid recovery between successive sprints, and there is evidence that compression garments and sports taping can improve b...

    Authors: Dennis-Peter Born, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Florian Goernert and Billy Sperlich
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Existing literature showed improved swimming performances for swimmers wearing wetsuits competing under standardized conditions in races held in pools on short to middle distances. Data about the influence of ...

    Authors: Sebastian Ulsamer, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Romuald Lepers and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The purpose of this study was to examine the sex and age-related differences in performance in a draft-legal ultra-cycling event.

    Authors: Lara Pozzi, Beat Knechtle, Patrizia Knechtle, Thomas Rosemann, Romuald Lepers and Christoph Alexander Rüst
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The purpose of the present study was to analyse potential changes in performance of elite breaststroke swimmers competing at national and international level and to compare to elite freestyle swimming performa...

    Authors: Mathias Wolfrum, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Romuald Lepers and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been one of the most studied of all physiological variables. Many authors have proposed the use of several markers to determine the moment at with the AT is reached. The presen...

    Authors: Ana B Peinado, Jesús J Rojo, Francisco J Calderón and Nicola Maffulli
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:17
    Content type: Review Published on:

  35. Aquatic exercise has been widely used for rehabilitation and functional recovery due to its physical and physiological benefits. However, there is a high variability in reporting on the muscle activity from su...

    Authors: Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas and Carlos Leonardo Cano-Herrera
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. We developed a single stretch injury model to create damage near the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) of the gastrocnemius muscle in mice. Our hypothesis was that magnitude of muscle injury could be controlled ...

    Authors: Stacey L Brickson, Ronald P McCabe, Adam W Pala and Ray Vanderby Jr
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Thigh muscle injuries commonly occur during single leg loading tasks and patterns of muscle activation are thought to contribute to these injuries. The influence trunk and pelvis posture has on hip and thigh m...

    Authors: Simon Prior, Tim Mitchell, Rod Whiteley, Peter O’Sullivan, Benjamin K Williams, Sebastien Racinais and Abdulaziz Farooq
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Lateral humeral epicondylitis, or ‘tennis elbow’, is a common condition with a variety of treatment options. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Autologous Whole Blood (AWB) represent new therapeutic options for ch...

    Authors: Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat, Seyed Mansoor Rayegani, Hossein Hassanabadi, Rosa Rahimi, Leyla Sedighipour and Khalil Rostami
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The purpose of this study was to describe professional soccer players’ perceptions towards injuries, physical recovery and the effect of surface related factors on injury resulting from soccer participation on...

    Authors: Constantine CN Poulos, John Gallucci Jr, William H Gage, Joseph Baker, Sebastian Buitrago and Alison K Macpherson
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Muscle force is important for daily life and sports and can be measured with a handheld dynamometer. Reference values are employed to quantify a subject’s muscle force. It is not unambiguous whether reference ...

    Authors: Rob KW Douma, Remko Soer, Wim P Krijnen, Michiel Reneman and Cees P van der Schans
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Alpine skiing is one of the most popular winter sports in the world. Nevertheless, it has always been associated with a high risk of injury. There are however, only a few studies that have examined the risk of...

    Authors: Antti J Stenroos and Lauri E Handolin
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Regular moderate intensity physical activity positively influences the immune system with a lower incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and lower levels of pro-inflammatory markers. However, m...

    Authors: Viola Grabs, David C Nieman, Bernhard Haller, Martin Halle and Johannes Scherr
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:8
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. The present study investigated the changes in swimming speeds and sex differences for elite male and female swimmers competing in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km open-water FINA World Cup races held between 2000 and 2012.

    Authors: Matthias Alexander Zingg, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Romuald Lepers and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The mechanisms through which exercise reduces cardiovascular disease are not fully understood. We used echocardiograms, cardiac biomarkers and gene expression to investigate cardiovascular effects associated w...

    Authors: Danica D Vance, Gordon L Chen, Mark Stoutenberg, Robert J Myerburg, Kevin Jacobs, Lubov Nathanson, Arlette Perry, David Seo, Pascal J Goldschmidt-Clermont and Evadnie Rampersaud
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. It is compulsory that domestic football/soccer teams in UEFA competitions organise players’ pre-participation medicals. Although screening guidelines have been established, these remain controversial. The find...

    Authors: Neil Heron and ME Cupples
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The Editors of BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2013).

    Authors: Fernando Marques
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:3
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  47. During the 4,487 km ultra marathon TransEurope-FootRace 2009 (TEFR09), runners showed catabolism with considerable reduction of body weight as well as reversible brain volume reduction. We hypothesized that ul...

    Authors: Wolfgang Freund, Sonja Faust, Christian Gaser, Georg Grön, Frank Birklein, Arthur P Wunderlich, Marguerite Müller, Christian Billich and Uwe H Schütz
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The ability to sustain brief high-intensity intermittent efforts (HIE) is meant to be a major attribute for performance in team sports. Adding changes of direction to HIE is believed to increase the specificit...

    Authors: Karim Hader, Alberto Mendez-Villanueva, Said Ahmaidi, Ben K Williams and Martin Buchheit
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 6:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Although injuries related to sports and recreation represent a significant burden to children and youth, few studies have examined the descriptive epidemiology of sports-related injury since 2005, and some spo...

    Authors: Liraz Fridman, Jessica L Fraser-Thomas, Steven R McFaull and Alison K Macpherson
    Citation: Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology 2013 5:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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