Figure 3

Process of EMG (a) and force (b) onset detection. 1a, b) Raw EMG and force signals. 2a, b) Teager Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) output for EMG and force signals. 3a, b) Full wave rectified and filtered TKEO outputs. Onset was detected at this stage using preset thresholds. 4a, b) Full-wave rectified EMG and raw force signals used to ascertain onset instances. The EMG signal and accompanying force curve depicted is from the right SpL of one of our participants during an extension effort.