Table 4 Angle ranges of lower limbs during forward and backward walking
From: Backward walking training improves balance in school-aged boys
Left | Right | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forward | Backward | Forward | Backward | ||
Hip | Minimum | 114.03 (13.09) | 113.52 (9.65) | 119.25 (15.03) | 115.89 (15.83)* |
Maximum | 139.79 (8.99) | 132.97 (7.66)** | 144.03 (13.93) | 137.22(14.83)** | |
Range | 25.76 (5.33) | 19.45 (3.31)** | 24.77 (5.53) | 21.33 (6.15) | |
Knee | Minimum | 114.14 (8.70) | 123.53(11.07)** | 112.99 (7.00) | 121.07(11.01)** |
Maximum | 173.05 (6.27) | 171.78 (4.59) | 173.53 (4.78) | 173.70 (4.15) | |
Range | 58.91 (9.15) | 48.25 (9.19)** | 60.54 (7.01) | 52.63 (8.87)* | |
Ankle | Minimum | 91.10 (11.99) | 81.92 (6.49)** | 90.54 (10.87) | 78.45 (5.14)** |
Maximum | 123.01 (9.24) | 109.14(10.26)** | 121.77 (9.99) | 104.26 (3.56)** | |
Range | 31.91 (8.24) | 27.22 (6.41) | 31.23 (8.63) | 25.80 (5.16)* | |