Table 3 Descriptive statistics (non-adjusted) for all outcome measures
Pre-Programme | Post-programme | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wii Fit™ | Traditional balance training | Control | Wii Fit™ | Traditional balance training | Control | |||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
Force Plate | Bipedal | AP SD (mm) | 9.3 (5.7) | 9.5 (4.1) | 7.5 (2.8) | 8.1 (4.8) | 10.5 (9.6) | 10.7 (7.0) |
AP Range (mm) | 45.7 (24.3) | 47.3 (18.4) | 40.1 (15.1) | 37.9 (20.7) | 39.0 (17.1) | 47.2 (19.1) | ||
ML SD (mm) | 5.0 (4.1) | 5.3 (3.3) | 3.6 (0.8) | 4.9 (4.3) | 5.0 (3.7) | 6.0 (4.4) | ||
ML Range (mm) | 29.3 (27.5) | 33.8 (21.3) | 23.6 (8.5) | 26.1 (26.5) | 24.3 (14.1) | 34.1 (19.5) | ||
COP Velocity (cm.s − 1) | 18.5 (4.5) | 17.7 (3.4) | 19.3 (4.9) | 18.0 (4.1) | 17.6 (3.7) | 20.1 (4.7) | ||
Unipedal | AP SD (mm) | 11.1 (3.7) | 10.7 (4.1) | 10.0 (4.1) | 10.0 (4.0) | 10.6 (4.5) | 12.7 (5.7) | |
AP Range (mm) | 53.9 (20.0) | 53.8 (19.8) | 51.9 (22.0) | 48.3 (19.7) | 50.9 (19.4) | 63.2 (28.6) | ||
ML SD (mm) | 7.4 (4.4) | 7.2 (2.6) | 6.6 (3.6) | 6.7 (3.1) | 6.7 (2.5) | 7.3 (3.5) | ||
ML Range (mm) | 33.7 (19.2) | 32.8 (10.7) | 32.5 (15.4) | 31.9 (14.2) | 32.0 (12.7) | 39.6 (22.1) | ||
COP Velocity (cm.s − 1) | 19.4 (4.0) | 18.8 (3.1) | 19.7 (4.8) | 18.7 (3.4) | 18.4 (3.5) | 20.1 (4.5) | ||
GAITRite | Velocity (cm.s − 1) | 64.7 (28.9) | 76.0 (20.9) | 65.5 (24.9) | 76.6 (27.1) | 80.1 (23.9) | 76.6 (36.5) | |
Cadence (steps/min) | 85.0 (20.1) | 92.0 (7.1) | 86.6 (11.6) | 90.1 (16.9) | 96.5 (9.5) | 90.2 (16.7) | ||
Functional Amb. Profile | 69.9 (15.6) | 73.1 (15.9) | 72.3 (16.0) | 78.3 (12.1) | 77.4 (16.0) | 72.7 (17.7) | ||
Step Length (Left Foot) (cm) | 43.2 (12.0) | 49.6 (10.9) | 45.1 (12.1) | 48.6 (11.3) | 49.8 (11.5) | 49.0 (16.6) | ||
Step Length (Right Foot) (cm) | 45.1 (11.4) | 48.6 (11.5) | 44.4 (13.1) | 50.7 (9.5) | 48.7 (11.2) | 49.2 (15.1) | ||
Stride Length (Left Foot) (cm) | 88.1 (22.7) | 98.7 (22.6) | 89.4 (24.4) | 99.4 (20.4) | 99.0 (22.6) | 98.4 (31.0) | ||
Stride Length (Right Foot) (cm) | 88.5 (23.2) | 98.2 (21.8) | 90.4 (24.6) | 100.1 (20.4) | 99.6 (22.6) | 98.2 (30.6) | ||
HH Base Support (Left Foot) (cm) | 14.1 (5.2) | 12.1 (4.6) | 18.1 (4.1) | 14.1 (6.0) | 14.0 (4.3) | 16.9 (5.7) | ||
HH Base Support (Right Foot) (cm) | 14.1 (5.8) | 12.6 (4.2) | 18.1 (4.1) | 14.0 (6.2) | 14.0 (4.6) | 16.7 (5.5) | ||
UTAUT | Performance Expectancy | 4.9 (1.3) | 4.7 (1.4) | 6.2 (0.7) | 5.5 (1.1) | |||
Effort Expectancy | 4.7 (1.3) | 5.2 (1.1) | 6.2 (0.8) | 5.6 (1.1) | ||||
Social Influences | 5.2 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.0) | 6.1 (0.8) | 6.1 (1.0) | ||||
Facility Conditions | 4.5 (1.7) | 5.6 (0.8) | 5.9 (1.2) | 6.1 (0.8) | ||||
Self-efficacy | 5.1 (1.1) | 5.4 (1.3) | 6.0 (0.8) | 5.9 (1.1) | ||||
Behavioural Intention | 5.6 (1.3) | 5.9 (0.8) | 6.5 (1.1) | 6.2 (0.7) | ||||
FSS | Autotelic Experience | 4.2 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.8) | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.1 (0.8) | |||
Clear Goals | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.8) | 4.3 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.8) | ||||
Challenge-Skill Balance | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.9 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.7) | ||||
Concentration of Task | 3.9 (0.9) | 3.8 (0.7) | 4.4 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.8) | ||||
Paradox of Control | 3.0 (0.9) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.8) | ||||
Unambiguous Feedback | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.7 (1.1) | 4.2 (0.7) | 3.9 (1.2) | ||||
Action-Awareness Merging | 2.8 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.7) | ||||
Transformation of Time | 3.3 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.8) | 4.1 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) | ||||
Loss of Self-Consciousness | 3.9 (0.9) | 4.3 (0.8) | 4.3 (0.7) | 4.3 (0.9) | ||||
MSWS-12 Questionnaire | 64.5 (17.5) | 58.4 (16.2) | 56.8 (20.7) | 59.0 (15.5) | 52.3 (16.2) | 60.6 (22.4) | ||
WHODAS 2.0 Questionnaire | 25.0 (4.7) | 25.1 (7.2) | 15.6 (7.9) | 13.7 (4.7) | 14.4 (7.6) | 15.8 (8.0) | ||