Table 1 Study characteristics and outcomes of the clinical studies
From: Swimming induced pulmonary oedema in athletes – a systematic review and best evidence synthesis
Cases | gender | age | Water temperature | symptoms | outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pons 1995 | 4 | 18-21 °C | Dyspnoea (2), cough (4), froth (4) | Resolved within 1 h (3), 8 h (1) | ||
Weiler 1995 | 8 | M = 8 | 18 | 23 °C | Cough (7), haemoptysis (8) | Resolved (6) recurring (2) |
Roeggla 1996 | 1 | F = 1 | 54 | 14 °C | Dyspnoea, cough, froth, haemoptysis | Resolved |
Lund 2003 | 3 | M = 3 | 24.3 | 19 °C | Dyspnoea (3), cough (3), confusion (2), blurred vision (1), froth (1) | Resolved within 48 h |
Adir 2004 | 70 | M = 70 | 18–19 | 16-22 °C | Dyspnoea (70), cough (67), haemoptysis (39), froth (63), | Resolved within 24 h, recurrence (16) |
Biswas 2004 | 1 | M = 1 | 36 | < 22 °C | Dyspnoea, cough, froth | resolved |
Shuppak 2004 | 21 | M = 21 | 18–19 | 16-18 °C | Dyspnoea, cough, froth, haemoptysis | Resolved (18), recurring (3) |
Wilmshurst 2004 | 1 | M = 1 | 35 | 13 °C | Dyspnoea, haemoptysis, froth | recurrence |
Deady 2006 | 1 | F = 1 | 38 | 15 °C | Dyspnoea, haemoptysis | Resolved within 24 h |
Beinhart 2007 | 1 | F = 1 | 54 | 22 °C | dyspnoea | resolved |
Wenger 2007 | 1 | M = 1 | 43 | 20 °C | Dyspnoea, froth, chest pain | Resolved within 24 h |
Noti 2009 | 1 | F = 1 | 23 | Dyspnoea, froth | Resolved within 24 h | |
Carter 2011 | 3 | F = 3 | 49.7 | 15-19 °C | Dyspnoea (3), froth (2), cough (1), haemoptysis (1), chest pain (2) | Resolved (1), Recurrence (1) |
Ma 2013 | 5 | M = 5 | 42.6 | < 22 °C | Dyspnoea (3), cough (2), Haempotysis (3), froth (1) | Resolved within 1 week |
North 2013 | 1 | F = 1 | 26 | < 22 °C | Dyspnoea, cough, froth | Resolved within 48 h |
Casey 2014 | 2 | M = 1, f = 1 | 57.5 | < 22 °C | Dyspnoea (2), froth (1), cough (1), chest pain (1) | Resolved within 24 h |
Peacher 2015 | 41 | 50.1 | ||||
Yamamashi 2015 | 5 | M = 1 | 41.8 | 21 °C | Dyspnoea (5), haemoptysis (1), cough (1) | Resolved within 10 days |
Beale 2016 | 4 | M = 4 | 36.7 | Dyspnoea (4), cough (3), haemoptysis (2), froth (3) | Resolved (4), recurrence (2) | |
N = 20 | 174 | M = 165F = 9 | 13-22 °C | Dyspnoea (90), cough (97), froth (89), haemoptysis (58), blurred vision (1), chest pain (3) | Resolved (185), recurrence (25) |