P1 Sensory stimulation during 45 minutes of bed rest experiments
Cecil Meulenberg, Sasa Bele, Masa Somen, Uros Marusic, Bostjan Simunic
Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia
An occupational day comes with exposure to stress, either mild or strong, and in various forms of both physical and/or psychologic character. Next, to that, modern life creates many habits that require attention late in the evening. PURPOSE: Often during preparatory times before partaking in bedtime, the accumulated stress and the corresponding physiological responses e.g., enhanced brain activity and diminished fitness, hinder or prevent people from falling asleep easily. Enriching the sleeping environment with incorporated devices for sensory stimulation to influence sleep and/or waking, is gaining attention. METHODS: The current study investigates whether audio therapy, chromotherapy, aromatherapy, or a combination are effective in influencing the arousal state of a person, both during relaxation and awakening phases, comparable to periods occurring before and after sleep, respectively. RESULTS: From the physiological recordings, the descriptive subjective experiences by the subjects, and the questionnaires, it is clear that compared to baseline all conditions induced less anxious post-experimental emotional states. CONCLUSION: The sensory stimulations are not all equally effective in inducing relaxation.
P2 Analysis of endurance capability in 11-14-year-old boys and girls
Nikolett Schulteisz1, Judit Gangl1, Ferenc Ihasz1, Josip Lepes2, Szabolcs Halasi2, Robert Papp2
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary; 2Hungarian Language Teacher Training Faculty in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Growth, maturation, and performance are unified processes. PURPOSE: The aim of the research was to characterize the physical development of elementary school girls and boys(11-14years), their body composition, the differences between the age-dependent averages of cardiorespiratory performance and their pattern. METHODS: Examinations in 3 elementary schools (147 boys, 163 girls) in Győr. The anthropometric, body composition and endurance characteristics in children were calculated with two-sample T-test, while the sections crossed in 20m shuttle run test. The difference among and between age groups, genders, and fat content categories and the differences in body height averages based on fat content categories were calculated with Repeated ANOVA, Post hoc. Tuckey HDS method, p<0,05. RESULTS: Among the examined characteristics of 11-12year-old children, we found a significant difference between the values for the different sections, in favor of girls. In the group of 12-13year-olds, a significant difference in relative fat, relative muscle was found, at the 13-14year-olds, with the exception of the shuttle run test. Significant differences were found between the average results per sections achieved by boys, between 11-13 and 11-14year-olds. CONCLUSION: The coordination of the highly complex processes mentioned above, can be facilitated to a large degree by the individually planned and regularly performed physical activity.
P3 Toward recognition of aggressive behavior and social exclusion among children and youth
Patrik Drid, Tatjana Trivic, Dragan Marinkovic, Ivana Milovanovic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper represents results of field research conducted with children aged 10 – 14, who attend primary school and children active in sports, in Novi Sad. PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of aggressive behavior and social exclusion through questionnaires and observation amongst youth. To determine the frequency of personal experience of peer violence or social exclusion of the subjects and to determine correlations between measures of aggressive behavior and social exclusion. METHODS: The survey covered 118 respondents, 41 athletes, and 77 students. The average age in both groups of participants is 12.3 years. RESULTS: The frequency of aggressive behavior is 32% in the sample (38/118), with no significant gender differences: 34.5% of boys and 31% of girls. CONCLUSION: General satisfaction with the climate in class is in a positive correlation with intrinsic motivation, self-assessment, optimism, and hope: those students who are intrinsically motivated to engage in sports are more satisfied with their class, but they also assess themselves with high scores on self-assessment, hope and optimism scales. Also, there are significant differences in the manifestation of aggressive behavior among students and athletes.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (179011), Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research (142-451-2473) and Faculty of Sport and Physical Education.
P4 Somatotypes of elite male and female cadet sambo athletes
Tatjana Trivic1, Sergey Tabakov2, Damjan Jakisic1, Zeljko Krneta1, Valdemar Stajer1, Milorad Bejatovic3, Patrik Drid1
1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Russian State University of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism, Moscow, Russia; 3University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Faculty of Law, Serbia
During the International Olympic Committee’s Executive Board meeting held in Tokyo, Japan on 30 November 2018, provisional recognition was granted to the International SAMBO Federation (FIAS) pursuant to Rule 25 of the Olympic Charter. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine somatotype and anthropometric profiles of elite cadet sambo athletes divided by weight categories. METHODS: A total of 96 elite cadet sambo athletes from 28 countries, participants of the World Cadet Sambo Championships 2018 participated in the study (40 females and 56 males from 10 weight categories). Anthropometrical variables were taken in order to calculate somatotypes. RESULTS: A typical somatotype in male sambo athletes was endomorphic mesomorph with indicating a predominance of musculoskeletal tissue, while female athletes were classified as endomorphic mesomorph in relation with weight division. CONCLUSION: Future research should attend to these differences by category to generate appropriated conclusions about the role of anthropometric characteristics in sambo performance. It is necessary to reduce the number of weight categories.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (179011), Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research (142-451-2473) and Faculty of Sport and Physical Education.
P5 Physical activity mediates the association between perceived stress and subjective well-being among university students
Valerii Olefir1, Viktor Plokhikh2, Valerii Bosniuk3
1Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine; 2Department of Developmental Psychology and Social Communications, South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University, Odesa, Ukraine; 3Department of Psychology of Activities in Special Conditions, National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
Physical activity improves subjective well-being; however, how physical activity mediates perceived stress has not been studied. PURPOSE: The present study investigated whether physical activity buffers the association between perceived stress and subjective well-being. METHODS: A sample of 300 university students (65.3% women) with a mean age of 19.63 ± 2.13 years participated in this study. The questionnaires consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, The Satisfaction with Life Scale (5 items), Subjective Happiness Scale (4 items) and Perceived Stress Scale (10 items). In addition, physical activity was measured, which was based on regular exercises in the sports sections. Data were analyzed using Mplus 7.2. RESULTS: The study revealed that students who were more physically active, compared to those who were less active, were less susceptible to stress and experienced higher levels of subjective well-being. The findings also indicated that physical activity buffers the association between perceived stress and subjective well-being (indirect effect = -0.029, SE =0.014, p=0.035) CONCLUSION: This study concluded that a physically active lifestyle could mediate the negative effects of stress and improve the level of subjective well-being.
P6 The effects of the comprehensive rehabilitation method on strength outcomes in ACL patients
Irina Roy1, Andrey Rusanov1, Lyudmila Kravchuk2, Оlga Rusanovа2
1Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine; 2National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a novel rehabilitation protocol on quadriceps muscle strength in ACL patients. Experimental protocol consisted of stabilographic platform workout, remedial gymnastics and therapeutic massage aimed to increase knee range of motion and post-isometric relaxation as well as knee mechanotherapy with workout machines. METHODS: All patients (52) underwent the rehabilitation treatment in the rehabilitation department of ITO NAMS of Ukraine and were operated in the hospitals of the institute. According to the proposed program, 21 patients (experimental group) underwent a novel rehabilitation protocol after ACL reconstruction while 31 patients received the traditional program of physical rehabilitation. RESULTS: In the early postoperative period (from the 3rd to the 16th week after surgery), the average statistic of muscle strength of the affected limb in experimental group was significantly (p <0.05) higher than the control group's patients/ In the control group, according to the dynamometry, there was a significant decrease in the injured vs non-injured leg strength (p <0,05). When performing reduction - on 25,02%, withdrawal - by 26,45%, bending in the knee joint - by 58,64% and extension - by 67,63%. CONCLUSION: The use of the experimental program increased the effectiveness of ACL-patients rehabilitation.
P7 Differences in parameters of functional and motor capacities in football players of different age category and position
Ivan Mikulic, Matko Galic, Stipo Dajakovic, Jere Gulin
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Football is a highly complex activity where an important component of the developmental path of every football player are technical-tactical and strength and conditioning coaches. Their role is reaching every player's potentials by using various training and selection methods. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine differences in parameters of functional and motor capacities between football players of different age categories and positions. METHODS: Fifty-one lower league Football Club "HAŠK" player (age: 11 to 32) was divided in groups according to age category: young pioneers (n=12), older pioneers (n=17), cadets (n=10), juniors (n=6), seniors (n=6); and playing position: goalkeeper (n=6), central defender (n=11), full-back (n=9), midfielder (n=14), forward (n=11). Participants performed standing long jump test, Sargent test, sprint 20m, 9-3-6-3-9 sprint test, Ajax test 5x10m, and beep test. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent samples revealed statistically significant differences in all motor and functional ability tests (standing long jump test, Sargent test, sprint 20m, 9-3-6-3-9 sprint test, Ajax test 5x10m, p=0,000; and beep test, p=0,002), between players of different age categories. CONCLUSION: We conclude that appropriate assessment of football-specific motor abilities provides valuable information for coaches on player's fitness and allows a higher quality of training planning and programming, as well as proper development of the muscular-skeletal system of younger age groups.
P8 Exercise for cognitive health as a proxy for the social inclusion of older people: a systematic review
Stevo Popovic, Dusko Bjelica, Bojan Masanovic, Jovan Gardasevic
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
Some previous studies suggest social isolation is associated with poor cognitive health in later life, while cognitive outcomes may increase the social inclusion of older people and cognitive health may be an important aspect of healthy aging. PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to review the available literature on research related to the relationship of exercise for cognitive health and social inclusion of the elderly. METHODS: Specific keywords "exercise", "cognitive", "health", "social", "inclusion", "elderly", and "people" were used to search relevant electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The research was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Studies that fit the inclusion criteria such as containing the data with the publication time that was from 2008 and later, and describing various exercise related to an improvement of cognitive health, were reviewed. Results have shown that beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive health of older people have been observed. The dose of exercise is mostly recommended to be on the level of an hour a day, and three times a week, while the most applicable are aerobic, strength training exercises and yoga, and its combination, all in order to increase cognitive health. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that various exercise may benefit global-cognition, attention and cognitive control, as well as improve the social inclusion of older people.
P9 Impact of professional sports engagement on the extension of life: a systematic review
Dusko Bjelica, Stevo Popovic, Bojan Masanovic, Jovan Gardasevic
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
PURPOSE: The present study aims to review the available literature on research related to professional sports engagement on the extension of life to summarize the potential risk factors associated with longevity and trends and causes of mortality among professional sportsmen. METHODS: Specific keywords "professional", "sport", "sportsmen", "athletes", "death", "longevity", and "mortality" were used to search relevant electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, as well as some international journals and proceedings of Public Health and Medicine in Sport. The research was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. RESULTS: Studies that fit all inclusion criteria such as containing the data with the publication time that was between 2000 and 2018, subjects that were professional sportsmen and the goals that were related to longevity and mortality were reviewed. Results have shown that some team sports (football and basketball) and individual sport (cycling), as well as professional sportsmen from mixed and sports with endurance, had strong relationships with longevity. CONCLUSION: Professional sports engagement is favorable to lifespan longevity, while the potential risk factors associated with mortality are not securely recognized and sports achievement, playing position and handedness may affect it.
P10 Upper respiratory tract infections in water sports elite athletes in Uzbekistan
Fikrat Kerimov1, Jamshid Umarov1, Abdurakhim Toychiev2, Svetlana Osipova2
1Faculty of All-Around Sports, Uzbek State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chirchik, Uzbekistan; 2Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Correspondence: Svetlana Osipova (svetosip7@mail.ru)
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are common diseases in athletes. Water sports are characterized by specific features that can increase susceptibility to URTI. PURPOSE: To detect the prevalence of URTI in swimmers and athletes engaged in synchronized swimming as well as serum 25(OH)-vitamin D and total serum IgE level. METHODS: Study participants included 20 elite athletes engaged in synchronized swimming and 20 elite female swimmers at the age of 19-24 years. Control group included 30 healthy individuals of the same sex and age. Morbidity, frequency, and duration of URTI were determined by self-reported questionnaire and medical history. Total serum IgE (HUMAN kit, Germany) and serum level of 25(OH)-vitamin D (DIAsource kit Belgium) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Prevalence of URTI morbidity and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency depends on the season but in every season the highest values were observed in athletes (P<0.05). Both groups of athletes were characterized by an elevated level of total serum IgE, more expressed in synchronized swimmers (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Increase of URTI morbidity in athletes seems to depend on vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and elevated IgE concentration. Monitoring and correction of vitamin D level are advisable. Elevated IgE concentration can be mediated by exposure to chronic low dose of chlorine and other environmental allergens.
P11 The difference in motives for exercise participation between men and women
Damir Pekas1, Mario Baic1, Miroslav Zecic1, Nebojsa Trajkovic2
1Faculty of Kinesiology, University in Zagreb, Croatia; 2Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
One of the key issues in physical activity research is the determination of motives for exercise participation man and woman. PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to determine the gender differences in motives for exercise participation in men and women. METHODS: The participants were 138 men and 80 women involved in organized physical activities through different fitness training centers in Zagreb. Campbell’s Questionnaire with 13 items for motivation was used in order to determine the motives for exercising in people aged 18 to 76 years. Differences in the motivation of men and women were tested by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Statistically significant gender differences were found in four factors of motivation: to look good (p=0.02), to relax (p=0.01), to control or lose weight (p=0.01) and to seek adventure and excitement (p=0.02). Additionally, men and women differ according to education, job and their willingness to pay for exercising. CONCLUSION: Men and women show differences in motives for exercise, especially concerning the exercise organized in fitness training centers.
P12 Genders differences in the level of motor coordination of students of prepubertal age
Zivan Milosevic, Maja Batez, Marijana Simic, Filip Sadri
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Sedentary behavior patterns of children negatively reflect on their motor coordination and a low level of motor coordination can negatively affect student participation in physical activities. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in the level of motor coordination between genders. METHODS: The sample of respondents consisted of 243 students (boys 114, girls 129, aged 9-10). Motor coordination was measured with a body coordination battery test (KTK - Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder) which consists of four motor tasks who testing balance, rhythm, lateral movement, speed, and agility. A Mann-Whitney test analysis was used to determine the differences in the degree of motor coordination. RESULTS: The results showed that there are statistically significant differences in total motor coordination (p =0.02), as well in the test hoping for height (p=0.04) in the benefit of boys. CONCLUSION: In general, better results of boys in the gross motor coordination can be explained by the influence of biological and environmental factors. It can be assumed that gender differences are conditioned by different interests in physical activity, where boys are more likely to determine for sports such as football and basketball in which coordination is developed, while girls are more likely to determine for sports such as gymnastics and ballet in which most develops flexibility.
P13 Social support in relation to quality of life of children
Nebojsa Maksimovic, Zoran Milosevic, Ivana Milovanovic, Radenko Matic, Damjan Jaksic, Dusan Corilic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Social support affects the quality of life in children. PURPOSE: Research aim was to examine the differences between social support to children and some characteristics of the quality of life of children. METHODS: Study enclosed children aged 11-12 years (N=933), 468 boys and 465 girls. The assessment of social support included the attitudes of children with support from parents, classmates, teachers and closest friends using the SSSC questionnaire. The quality of life of children is determined by gender, living place, SES, school success, level of physical activity (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire). RESULTS: The methods of multivariate and univariate statistics were used to examine the significance of differences, which were found in factors: gender, school success and physical activity on level p<0.01, (F=3659.39; P=0.00). In all dimensions, girls had a better level than boys. In terms of school success, the results showed that children with low and excellent success have a higher level in all dimensions of social support than children with intermediate success. Results showed that high-level children' physical activity is followed by social support of parents. Differences in living place and SES haven't been confirmed. CONCLUSION: Research showed that social support by parents and gender are factors which determinate the quality of life of children.
P14 Age-related differences in motor coordination and balance skills of young school-age children
Adriana Ljubojevic, Kenan Omicevic, Snezana Bijelic, Tamara Karalic
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
A professionally guided development of motor skills, most often, begins starting at school, within physical education classes. PE teachers of young school-age children have to synchronize motor tasks with the developmental characteristics and needs of a specific age. PURPOSE: To determine age-related differences in motor coordination and balance skills of young school-age children. METHODS: The sample of respondents consisted of 60 subjects aged 7 and 9 years old (30 seven-year-old pupils and 30 nine-year-old pupils) who attend Second Elementary School in Zivinice in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The motor coordination was assessed by standardized tests: obstacle course backward, the "figure eight" with bending, crawling through and jumping over, side steps, zigzag run with two balls and dribbling. Tests that measure balance were: standing on two legs on a balance beam, across, eyes open; standing on two legs on a balance beam, along, eyes open; walking forward on a low beam and flamingo balance test. RESULTS: Analysis of T-tests for independent samples show statistically significant differences in all coordination tests between seven-year-olds and nine-year-olds, while no significant age-related differences were detected in balance tests. CONCLUSION: The results are important in terms of planning and programming age-appropriate movement games for physical education classes.
P15 Physical fitness differences among different competitive-level basketball players
Bojan Masanovic1, Zoran Milosevic2, Marin Corluka3, Velisa Vukasevic4
1Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; 2Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 3Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 4Basketball Club Vizura, Belgrade, Serbia
Some previous studies suggest that motor ability have an impact on the performance of playing tasks. PURPOSE: This study examined the physical differences in adult male basketball players of different competitive level. METHODS: Forty-eight males were enrolled in the study, divided into two groups: twenty-four senior players from the Super League and twenty-four senior players from the Second Basketball League of Serbia. Standardized tests for the assessment of motor abilities were used. The differences were determined by a t-test for small independent samples. RESULTS: The results showed that a significant difference in favor players from a higher competitive level was found for six tests among the group: vertical jump (Sargent), standing triple jump, sit-ups for 30 seconds, running 4x5 meters, T-test and 20 suicides in 20 minutes, while the difference was not observed for three tests: 20m high start running, distance ball throwing and push-ups. CONCLUSION: Basketball players physical fitness can differentiate between competitive level. These findings may give coaches better working knowledge about the characteristics of top basketball players, and suggest them on which variables to focus their attention during training and in the process of talent identification.
P16 Nine months of developmental gymnastics program improves locomotor skills in pre-school children
Danilo Radanovic, Nebojsa Trajkovic, Boris Popovic, Dejan Madic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Fundamental motor skills are the foundation for more complex and specialized motor skills. That is why developing these skills in early childhood is so important. PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to examine the effects of developmental gymnastics program in pre-school children. METHODS: Sample consisted of 112 preschool children (66 boys; age 4.42 ± 0.38 years). There were 38 children (28 boys; age 4.57 ± 0.37 years) in the experimental group, which was involved in the programmed exercise of developmental gymnastics in a sports school. Training was two times a week in a duration of one hour. Control group consisted of 74 children (38 boys; age 4.34 ± 0.37 years) from the Preschool Institution „Radosno detinjstvo“, Novi Sad, Serbia. Only healthy children with signed parent approval were tested. Three locomotor skills (run, hop and horizontal jump) were assessed using Test of Gross Motor Development, second edition (TGMD-2). RESULTS: The results implicate statistically significant larger improvement (p < 0.05) of the experimental group in all three locomotor skills (run, hop and horizontal jump for 4.7 %, 19.7 % and 39.7 %, respectively) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: The experimental treatment used during the period of 9 months enabled children of the gymnastics group to reach higher levels of all three mentioned skills.
P17 Effects of treatment on the endurance trunk in men with postural imbalance
Tijana Scepanovic, Dejan Madic, Branka Protic-Gava
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Core treatment improves endurance trunk in people with Chronic low back pain but no research was performed on postural imbalances. PURPOSE: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of 6-week core treatment on trunk endurance performance men with postural imbalances. METHODS: This study is quasi-experimental study in which 138 male subjects with sagittal plane postural disorders at the age 20±0.5 years ([experimental group: n=73; BMI=23.27±2.48] [control group: n=65; BMI=23.91±2.35]). The experimental group received a lumbar core stabilization training for six weeks. The study of endurance trunk was evaluated in accordance with various clinical tests such as Back extensor test - Sorensen (BET), Abdominal flexor endurance test (FET) and Double leg lowering test (DLL). RESULTS: Positive effects were obtained after the application of the core treatment in favor of the experimental group in all three analyzed tests (p = 0.00). On initial testing in the FET and DLL test, the control group had better results. On final testing, the experimental group has statistically better results in the BET and FET test. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that it is possible to improve in the lower trunk endurance performance and affect postural imbalances after 6-weeks.
P18 Test-retest reliability of change of direction speed tests in adolescent volleyball players
Milos Ignjatovic1, Vladan Milic2, Nebojsa Trajkovic3
1Elementary school “Kralj Aleksandar I”, Gornji Milanovac, Serbia; 2Department of Sport and Physical Education, State University of Novi Pazar, Serbia; 3Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Volleyball is an intermittent sport in which players are involved in defensive and offensive activities where power, strength, agility, speed, and change of direction speed (COD) are required. PURPOSE: The aim of this paper was to determine the test-retest reliability of COD speed tests in adolescent volleyball players. METHODS: Twenty-eight adolescent volleyball players (15+0.6 years) gave their consent to be part of this study. For this purpose, the subjects participating in the study took different COD tests: sprint with 90 turns, sprint 9-3-6-3-9 m with 180 turns, and sprint 9-3-6-3-9 m with backward and forward running (SBF). Systematic bias was investigated using a t-test and the relative reliability was determined by calculating ICC. RESULTS: There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between tests and retest for all tests. The test-retest methods reliability coefficients varied between 0.89 and 0.97. Of all the COD speed tests, the SBF had the greatest ICC (0.976). The within-subject variation (CV%) ranged between 2.4 and 4.6%. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that of all COD speed tests used in this study, the SBF was the most reliable test for estimating the COD speed in adolescent volleyball players.
P19 Electrical myostimulation in patients with quadriceps muscle hypotrophy after an arthroscopic restoration of ACL
Lyudmila Kravchuk1, Zinchenko Vitaly2, Andrey Rusanov2, Olga Rusanova1
1National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; 2Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
One of the frequent complications after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair is a hypotrophy of quadriceps muscle (QM). PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of electromyostimulation on the restoration of the QM after ACL arthroscopy. METHODS: 60 patients in the early postoperative period (3-4 weeks) were examined, and were divided into 2 groups: control group (CG, n = 30) and main group (MG, n = 30). CG took a course of remedial exercises to restore the strength QM, while MG underwent a course of electromyostimulation procedures for m. rectus femoris. Efficiency was assessed using DIGITAL M-TEST computer electroneuromyography (EMG). RESULTS: Before rehabilitation EMG average amplitude for m. rectus femoris of the injured limb showed unreliable differences between groups (MG 87.5 ± 6 mcV vs. CG 89.2 ± 7 mcV; p > 0.05). EMG amplitude for m. rectus femoris at 14-day follow-up slightly increased in CG (94.5 ± 6 mcV), while values showed a marked increase in MG (126.5 ± 8 mcV), (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Recovery of the bioelectrical activity of muscles after the electromyostimulation is more effective than after using the physical exercise.
P20 Differences in motor abilities of children between 7 and 9 years of age according to spinal deformities
Branka Protic-Gava, Milan Kojic, Zoran Milosevic, Nebojsa Maksimovic, Tijana Scepanovic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Correspondence: Branka Protic-Gava (brankapg@gmail.com)
The lack of reports in the available literature on the quality of spine posture and relation to the motor abilities among children in early childhood prompted us to investigate this. PURPOSE: To analyze differences in motor abilities of children with various spinal deformities. METHODS: A sample of 79 both gender children participated in this cross-sectional study (50 males 8.09±0.62; 29 females 7.91±0.63 decimal years). On the basis of the posture index, the total sample is divided into three groups (good, poor and very bad spine posture). All motor ability tests were performed in accordance with the EUROFIT battery of tests for physical readiness. The spine posture was assessed based on the evaluation of 2D Posture Analysis by Fröner (Contemplas). Spinal posture differences examined using the Kruskal Wallis Test, p < 0.05. RESULTS: There are statistically significant differences in motor abilities among children with different sagittal plane deformities. Children with good posture had better results: obstacle and slalom course [χ² =7.005, df=2, ρ=0.030]; plate tapping test (χ²=9.534, df=2, ρ=0.009); standing horizontal jump [χ² =5.978, df=2, ρ=0.050]; sit-and-reach (χ² =7.276, df=2, ρ=0.026); 20-m dash (χ²=9.127, df=2, ρ=0.010). No significant differences were detected in the coronal plane. CONCLUSION: Children with good spine posture displayed better motor abilities than their peers.
P21 Comparison of two metabolic risk scores in obese adolescents – whether the inclusion of cardiorespiratory fitness matters? A pilot study
Lavinia La Grasta Sabolic1, Maja Cigrovski Berkovic2, Borislav Valjan1, Marija Pozgaj Sepec1, Gordana Stipancic1
1Department of Pediatrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Various approaches are used for calculation of cardiometabolic risk in youth, including continuous scores (cMS), which are commonly expressed as sum of age and sex-specific z-scores for waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG), high-density cholesterol (HDL), blood glucose (BG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Recently, a novel, easier to calculate continuous pediatric risk score (PsiMS) has been developed. Purpose: To investigate the correlation between PsiMS and cMS scores and to explore whether the inclusion of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) alters the score. Methods: Data on 30 obese adolescents (BMI ≥95th percentile, mean age 13.7 years, 15 female/15 male) were retrospectively analyzed. PsiMS and cMS scores were calculated using the same set of variables (WC, TG, HDL, BG, SBP), with or without CRF included. Results: PsiMS score calculated as (2xWC/height) + (BG (mmol/l)/5.6) + (TG (mmol/l)/1.7) + (SBP (mmHg)/130) - (HDL (mmol/l)/1.02) correlated well with cMS score (Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient 0.80, p<0.01). A very high correlation was found between PsiMS scores calculated with/without CRF (0.99, p<0.01). Conclusion: PsiMS score represents a practical and accurate score for evaluation of cardiometabolic risk in obese youth. The inclusion of CRF in PsiMS score does not change the risk score.
P22 Study regarding the flow state in yoga and Pilates
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, West University of Timisoara, Romania
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P23 Optimization of movement activity and the mental state of students by dance aerobics
Natalia Chuprun, Sergey Zakopaylo, Mykola Shulga, Alexander Gordienko
Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
Correspondence: Natalia Chuprun (chuprunn@ukr.net)
PURPOSE: To test the effectiveness of dance aerobics to optimize the motor activity and the psychophysical state of female students. METHODS: Students of the I-II courses have taken part in the experiment of the pedagogical faculty with a total of 60 subjects. The number of training hours for dance aerobics was 64 hours. Medical and biological: body weight (kg), BPM and BPD (mmHg), ChSS in a state of rest and the Stange test. All the data obtained by the study were processed by the procedures of descriptive and comparative statistical methods. RESULTS: During the studying, and especially the examination time, students experience strong psycho-emotional stress and the physical state becomes worse. Comparative analysis of data confirmed the effectiveness of dance aerobics tools not only in the absence of negative changes during the examination session, but also improvement of the psychophysical state (state of health by the method of SHAN in kg - 3,8 points, EG1 - 4,3 points, EG2 - 4,5 points, ЕG3 - 4.8 points) and the level of somatic health of students (in Kg 0.23 ± 0.04 points, ЕG1 8.78 ± 0.50 points, ЕG2 8.77 ± 0.61 points, ЕG3 11, 65 ± 0.55 points). CONCLUSIONS: The use of dance aerobics has a positive effect on the psychophysical state of female students and the optimization of their physical activity.
P24 The effects of a semi-annual physical exercise program on the fat tissue of pre-school children
Zeljko Krneta, Filip Sadri
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
PURPOSE: The aim of the research was to determine whether organized physical exercise can influence the reduction of fat tissue in pre-school children. METHODS: The research involved 201 pre-school age children. The experimental group consisted of 109 children (5.76±81) who had additional physical activity over a period of 6 months, 2 times a week for 60 minutes. The control group consisted of 92 children (5.62±.57) who did not have additional physical activity. Data was collected for height, waist circumference, subcutaneous fat tissue on the forearm, abdomen, and back. From the above measures, Waist to Body Height Ratio (WtHR) and Sum of Subcutaneous Fat Measures (SFM) was calculated. The t-test for dependent samples was used to test the difference between the average measurement values. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction in the average values of WtHR (p=.005; Mdf=.006) and SFM (p=.002; Mdf=12.62) was determined in the experimental group. The control group showed a statistically significant increase in the mean of SFM (t=-2.14; p=.035; Mdf=-12.12), while changes in the WtHR were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that relatively short, organized, and professionally led additional physical activity can contribute to the reduction of the amount of subcutaneous and visceral fat in preschool children.
Acknowledgments
Supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (179011).
P25 Dynamics of improving coordinating abilities in children 6–9 years
Leonid Volkov1, Volodymyr Volkov2, Natalia Chuprun1
1Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine; 2National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kiev, Ukraine
Correspondence: Natalia Chuprun (chuprunn@ukr.net)
Explore the dynamics of development of coordination abilities in children 6-9 years. The experiment involved 278 elementary school students. Pedagogical testing: holding posture with open eyes (c); shuttle running 3x10m., s; running on the spot during 10s, 30s, 60s, (s); walking in the straight line without a visual guide, (sm); throwing rings on a tripod from a distance of 1.5m, 2.5m, 3.5m, (number of hits); game task "Transmit telegram", (one point); three moves forward with the exit (s); carpal dynamometry in full force and 50% of maximal power, (kg). Favorable periods were identified for the formation of the main components of coordination abilities in younger schoolchildren, namely: the differentiation of muscular efforts – in boys from 7 to 9 years old, in girls from 6 to 8 years old (P <0.05) sense of balance – in boys from 7 to 8, in girls from 6 to 9 years old (P <0.05) sense of rhythm – in boys from 6 to 7, in girls from 7 to 9 years old (P <0.05) accuracy of movements – in boys from 6 to 8, in girls from 8 to 9 years old (P <0.05) spatial orientation – in boys from 8 to 9 years old, in girls from 6 to 7 years old (P <0.05).
P26 Trends and prevalence between body mass index and physical activity among students in Novi Sad
Dusica Rakic1, Branislava Teofilovic1, Ljiljana Suvajdzic 1, Aleksandar Takaci2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between nutritional status and physical activity among students in Novi Sad. METHODS: This research has been conducted among students of the University of Novi Sad in 2013 and 2018. The study included 860 students in 2013 and 514 students in 2018 (aged between 19 and 24) and both genders were equally represented. For the assessment of nutritional status Body Mass Index - BMI was used. An original anonymous questionnaire was designed for this study. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS20. RESULTS: A significant decrease was observed in the prevalence of overweight and obese students (from 21.8% to 14,4%) during the five years. In both studies, male students had a greater tendency to be overweight and obese and sex differences were statistically significant (p <0.001). In 2013 male students were more physically active compared to female students and sex differences were significant (p<0.001). BMI was positively correlated with a sedentary lifestyle (p<0.05). Overweight and obese students spent more than 1h in front of the monitors and statistical significance was p <0.001. CONCLUSION The prevention of overweight and obesity should be directed to increasing the level of physical activity and reducing the sedentary lifestyle.
P27 Influence of the programmed annual cycle of exercises on the motor status of children aged 4 to 5
Maja Hecimovic1, Katarina Ohnjec2, Iva Kanjugovic3
1“Sportska piramida”, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb, Croatia; 3RK “Lokomotiva” Zagreb, Croatia
Physical fitness during childhood and adolescence is a powerful marker of future health. PURPOSE: Analyze the impact of a one-year training program on changes in the motor status of kindergarten children. Examine the differences between boys and girls in some motor skills at different periods of the program. METHODS: Ninety-six children, aged four to five (41 girls and 55 boys) participated in this research. Participants were tested in four variables: shuttle run test, handgrip strength, sit up and sit and reach. The measurement was carried out at three different points: initial, transitional and final. T-test for dependent samples and ANOVA were applied for the analysis of differences. RESULTS: Differences in the results of the initial and final measurement in all four variables were obtained. There are differences in the initial measurement of the agility test in boys and girls (F=4.00; p<0.05), and at all points of flexibility measurement (F1=13.76; F2=17.18; F3=19.16; p<0.01). In the second and third test, the difference was not obtained. CONCLUSION: The motor status of children was affected by the program throughout the training phases. Differences in the shuttle run test (agility, coordination, speed) between boys and girls were obtained in the beginning. The initial difference in flexibility remained also in the final measurement.
P28 Do the stroke index and a number of breaths affect the swimming results in butterfly-technique?
Goran Dimitric, Nebojsa Cokorilo, Goran Vasic, Milorad Jaksic, Milica Blagojevic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find out if stroke index and a number of breaths affect the swimming results on 50m and 100m butterfly stroke in short and long pool. METHODS: Study group consisted of 62 finalists, aged 19 ± 2 at the Serbian national championship on 50m and 100m, butterfly stroke on a short and long course. Swimming time was measured, whereas strokes and the number of breaths were counted. The collected data were processed using SPSS package; the descriptive statistics and linear regression results are showed. RESULTS: On this sample, linear regression showed that stroke index significantly affects swimming results on 50m and 100m butterfly stroke in short and long pools, but it didn't show significant effects of the number of breaths on the results on the same distances. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results showed that the stroke index on 50m and 100m butterfly significantly affects the swimming results, i.e. the bigger stroke index the better swimming result. This suggests that the swimming results will be improved by focusing on the swimming technique.
P29 The relationship between physical inactivity and body mass index among students in Novi Sad
Branislava Teofilovic1, Dusica Rakic1, Nevena Grujic Letic1, Emilia Gligoric1, Aleksandar Takaci2, Daniela Kenjeric3
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 3Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
PURPOSE: The aim of this paper was to determine the connection between body mass index and level of physical inactivity among students in Novi Sad. METHODS: The research was conducted in 2018 (April-May) and included 514 students. Students aged from 19 to 24 (133 males and 381 females) and were from 4 faculties whose study programs contain nutritional items. Nutrition status was assessed based on body mass index (BMI). The original anonymous questionnaire was used. Statistical processing was done in SPSS20. RESULTS: More than two-thirds of students (80%) had a good BMI. 14.4% were overweight and obese, and 5.6% of students suffered from malnutrition. Male students had a greater tendency to be overweight and obese and sex differences were statistically significant (p <0.01). Majority of students were physically active more than 1h during the day and overweight and obese students were the most active, with statistical significance (p<0.05). Over 80% of students spent more than 1h in front of the monitors. CONCLUSION: Preventive programs should focus on increasing the level of physical activity and reducing sedentary lifestyles, and this will play a key role in preventing obesity.
P30 Antioxidant extracts of willow bark as potential ingredients of weight management products
Emilia Gligoric, Ljiljana Suvajdzic, Branislava Teofilovic, Nevena Grujic-Letic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
.
P31 Effects of differently designed training and strength on the improvement of correlations between extensor and flexor strength in knee crank
Dzenana Imamovic, Nedim Covic
Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to determine the effects of differently designed training and absolute strength on the improvement of correlations between extensor and flexor strength in knee crank. METHODS: There was a prospective randomized study made which included 44 students aged between 19 and 23 divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=22) was made of examinees that realized development program of no dominant strength through skill training and proprioceptive training (15 weeks, 3 times a week) while group 2 (n=22) had a program focused to develop absolute strength (15 weeks, 3 times a week). RESULTS: High difference effect was noted for dominant leg P=0.001 (52.31±6.43% in initial measurement and 58.55±6.20% in final measurement). Improvement in a proportion of extensor and flexor strength of no dominant knee was significantly higher in the group that developed absolute strength (F3,40=.059; p=.809; η²p=.001), while dominant leg did not have a notable difference in effects of two applied programs. CONCLUSION: Training of strength in no dominant side of the body, as well as absolute strength training, had an impact on extensor and flexor strength improvement in knee area as well as in-between proportion strength in both legs. Absolute strength training was more efficient to improve the strength of no dominant side when it comes to training of skills and proprioception.
P32 Forest aerial adventure parks of Romania: new possibilities to develop the human physical capacity
Bela Jozsef Balla, Julianna Boros-Balint
University of Babes-Bolyai, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
One of the primary goals of physical education is to improve human physical capacity. The physical capacity is a dynamic potential of a person, which is composed of the level of motor abilities and motor skills acquired during life. School-based physical education plays an important role in the development of motor capacity, but it is by far not enough to achieve the goal of physical education. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to map the adventure parks of Romania and to examine (by reviewing the literature) the effect of climbing on the motor capacity of the participants. We would like to examine the most common obstacles in adventure parks and determine what physical abilities are needed to complete them. CASE PRESENTATION: In Romania, the first forest adventure park was built in 2006 and by now, their number has reached thirty. Their main characteristic is that the climbers, by relying on their own physical and mental abilities, try to cross obstacles of various difficulty, height, and length. CONCLUSIONS: Moving activities provided by forest adventure parks have become easily available to more and more people. Climbing in adventure parks (and climbing in general) can be an excellent alternative to improving motor capacity, as it uses and develops the body in a versatile way.
P33 The relation between dynamic balance and level of Alpine skiing knowledge
Vjekoslav Cigrovski, Tomislav Rupcic, Mateja Ocic, Ivan Bon, Vedran Dukaric
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
The well performed alpine ski turn is the one during which a skier maintains optimal central position during all phases of a turn. This is the reason why balance is incorporated in the process of alpine ski learning as well as training from the beginning phases. Lack of balance increases the risk of injuries and has detrimental effects on ski technique. PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between laboratory tested dynamic balance and level of alpine skiing knowledge. METHODS: This research included 91 participants (27 females and 64 males; average age 22±3 years). Participants (178.04±7.71cm, 76.93±12.88kg) were students of Faculty of Kinesiology, and ski novices. Balance assessment was performed in laboratory conditions on the constructed instrument. After balance testing, participants were included in 10-days structured alpine ski school. On the last day, alpine skiing knowledge of each participant was assessed by independent judges on a scale 1–5. RESULTS: Dynamic balance test conducted in laboratory conditions did not show significant correlation with alpine skiing knowledge assessment (r=0.01, p=0.91). CONCLUSION: Balance is not the only motor ability crucial for the learning process of alpine skiing. A probable reason for such a result is the unreliability of laboratory test used for assessment of balance. Balance is one of the major contributors in alpine skiing knowledge but needs to be assessed in more specific conditions.
P34 Differences in body composition between top marathon runners and 10,000-meter runners
Ilona Mihajlovic, Nikola Radulovic, Milan Solaja
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
There is no doubt that morphological characteristics are an important factor of success in sports activities. PURPOSE: To determine the differences in some anthropometric characteristics of top-ranking 10,000-meter runners and marathon runners. METHODS: The sample of respondents consisted of 30 finalists on the 10,000-meter run and 30 best marathon runners at the Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. Data were downloaded from the official website. Body weight (BW), body height (BH) and body mass (BMI) index were used to assess the anthropometric characteristics. The data were processed by using ANOVA and MANOVA. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant difference at the level p=.75 between marathon runners and 10,000-meter runners. It can also be observed that statistically significant differences do not exist in any single variable between these two groups of respondents. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed no statistically significant differences between top marathon runners and 10,000-meter runners in body composition. Even the marathon is four times longer than the distance of 10,000 meters, both athletic disciplines are of long-distance nature and competitors are similar in regards to anthropometric characteristics.
P35 Predictability of abdominal obesity indicators for assessing general obesity in adolescents
Rada Rakic1, Tatjana Pavlica1, Otilija Herubel2
1Department for Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Primary School "Prva vojvodjanska brigada", Novi Sad, Serbia
The indicators of abdominal obesity show various discriminative power for predicting general obesity. PURPOSE: To assess discriminative power of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index (CI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) for assessing general obesity. METHODS: 265 boys and 253 girls aged 11-15 were surveyed. General obesity was assessed using the cut-off values of the body mass index proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. RESULTS: waist circumference and WHtR and AVI indices proved to be excellent indicators of general obesity in both boys and girls (AUC ranging 0.943- 0.974 in boys and 0.930- 0.935 in girls). The WHR and CI indices proved as very good predictors in boys (0.805 and 0.804, respectively) and good predictors in case of girls (0.784 and 0.741, respectively). The optimal cut-offs of WC, WHR, WHtR, CI and AVI were 81.50 cm, 0.898, 0.486, 1.24 and 12.88 cm2 in boys and 77.7 cm, 0.900, 0.453, 1.22 and 12.11 cm2 in girls. CONCLUSION: WHtR, AVI, and WC are found to be more superior than WHR and CI for assessing general obesity of boys and girls.
P36 A longitudinal study of domain-specific self-perceptions in student-athletes
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that students' self-perception may be predictive for a wide range of activities, including academic achievement and active lifestyle. PURPOSE: The aim of this longitudinal study was twofold: a) to examine student-athletes' domain-specific self-perceptions change over four-year education, and b) to examine whether their self-perception differs by gender, and/or sports-related variables. METHODS: A total of 42 students (25 males and 17 females) completed the Self-Perception Profile for College Students, as well as the background questions related to gender and sports experience, at the beginning of studies and four years later, at the end of their studies on the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad. RESULTS: The repeated MANOVA indicates that the impact of between subjects’ variables (gender, individual/team sport, and level of sports engagement) on within subjects’ variables (domain-specific self-perceptions) across the two-time points are not statistically significant. Paired sample t-tests for each domain of self-perception separately show that student-athletes at the end of studies had higher perceptions of their Scholastic Competence (t(41)=-3.006, p=.005) and Physical Appearance (t(41)=-2.573, p=.014) than four years before, while Global Self-Worth (t(41)=3.021, p=.004) decreases during the same time. CONCLUSION: This research highlights the importance of developing effective strategies for enhancing relevant specific domains of self-perception required for future professional challenges.
P37 Effects of indoor rowing exercise on balance, flexibility, reaction time and muscle strength in older adults
Khaothin Thawichai, Rachnavy Pornthep
School of Sports Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Among the numerous physical activities, rowing is a whole-body strength-endurance sport with an aerobic and anaerobic component. There are very few studies that focus on indoor rowing exercise on balance, flexibility, reaction time and muscle strength in older adults. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of indoor rowing exercise on balance, flexibility, reaction time and muscle strength in older adults. METHODS: The participants were purposive random sampling collected from active lifestyle older adults in Phoklang Nursing Home, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (male: 10; female: 10). All participants were tested for body weight, height, body mass index, and physical fitness component included balance, flexibility, reaction times, and muscular strength before and after 8-weeks indoor rowing exercise. The rowing ergometer was set up 5 days a week; each session included a 10-minute warm-up, a 20-minute rowing exercise, and a 10-minute cooling-down period. Exercise intensity was 40%–50% of 1 RM during the 2-week adaptation period and 50%–60% during the next 6-weeks. RESULTS: The results of this study show that balance, flexibility, reaction times, and muscular strength after 8-week indoor rowing exercise were significant differences higher than their baseline. CONCLUSION: The finding indicates that indoor rowing exercises more benefit on balance, flexibility, reaction time and muscle strength in older adults.
P38 The quasi-experiment study on the health empowering program mentoring behavior modification toward physical wellness in young adults through group advisor service
School of Sports Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
This quasi-experiment study evaluated the effectiveness of empowering young adults for behavior modification through group advisory service via counselor and consultant using the Health Empowerment Program (HEP). The aim of this study was to determine the comparison outcome on the causes and effects of the changes in student's physical fitness between groups in the period of 12 weeks. The subjects were the students from the Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand. The sample included 60 over-weight students, with equal-size for control and experimental group of 30 subjects. The experimental group received HEP service sessions intended to modify health behaviors, exercise routines, and food consumption habits. The control group lived on its own routine lifestyle. The results from the study suggested that the self-efficacy empowering program generated by the advisory services in a group of undergraduate students, with a tendency towards obesity relating to over consuming nutrition, can effectively modify lifestyles behaviors, including exercise, food consumption habits, and wellness.
P39 Volleyball as a one-year optional activity of the final grade male students in elementary schools
Milovan Ljubojevic, Ivan Vasiljevic, Rajko Milasinovic, Danilo Bojanic
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
PURPOSE: Efficiency of physical education can be improved with real, professional, and economic planning and monitoring of education effects, as well as with an increase in the weekly number of classes. METHODS: The study was conducted for one school year on the sample of a total of 43 male students, divided into two groups. The control group (22 students) consisted of students who attended only physical education classes. The experimental group (21 students) consisted of students who, in addition to physical education classes, attended an additional two classes of volleyball during a week. Motor space was monitored through 8 variables of Eurofit battery tests. RESULTS: After the conducted study, results showed that the students from the control group had better results in 6 out of the total 8 motor tests. In test "pull-up endurance" and "pin running on 10x5m" no significantly better results were observed. The students of the experimental group achieved better results in 5 out of the total 8 tests. The improvement was not observed in the tests "seated forward bend", "pull-up endurance" and "pin running on 10x5m". CONCLUSION: The analysis of the results showed that the experimental volleyball program had some influence, but not to the extent that it was expected from two additional hours of volleyball in physical education.
P40 Benefits of a controlled physical activity program
Ivan Bon, Mateja Ocic, Vedran Dukaric, Damir Knjaz
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Diabetes and obesity-related health issues are exponentially growing during the last century. Sedentary and fast living life affects the quality of life. Half of the top 10 global causes of death are related to low daily activity. It is proven that active adults have a lower mortality rate, coronary heart diseases, high blood pressure, risk of cardiac attack, diabetes, colorectal and breast cancer. WHO states that regular and controlled by expert physical activity is one of the best prevention tools for above mentioned chronical illnesses. PURPOSE: Aim of this research is to determine whether continuous and programmed physical exercise affects morphological and motor abilities condition of physically inactive individuals. METHODS: This research included 229 previously inactive individuals (177 female and 52 male; age of 49.12 ± 9.38). All participant went through testing of morphology status (weight, body fat percentage, muscle mass) and motor abilities (push-ups, squats, lunges, wall seat, plank) before and after programmed physical exercise (3 months duration, 24 training sessions). RESULTS: Results of morphological status after programmed physical exercise significantly improved (p=0.00). Results of motor abilities also showed a significant difference between initial and final physical condition (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: Results of this research showed that with programmed and systematic physical exercise twice per week it is possible to significantly improve body composition and physical condition of previously inactive individuals.
P41 Testing the influence of destination image and sports event quality on athletes intentions’ for repeated destination visit: the cases of three World Sambo Championships in Novi Sad, Serbia
Radenko Matic1, Ivana Milovanovic1, Kostas Alexandris2, Nebojsa Maksimovic1, Stevo Popovic3, Rajko Bujovic4, Patrik Drid1
1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Laboratory of Sport, Tourism and Recreation Management, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; 3Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; 4Faculty of Business Studies, Mediterranean University Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
PURPOSE: This study aimed to test the influence of destination image and event quality on athletes' intentions for repeated destination visit with the mediation role of destination quality. METHODS: The study included N=350 elite sambo athletes from World Sambo Championships, Novi Sad, Serbia (2017-2018). Destination image was measured with two dimensions: affective and cognitive. Event quality was measured with 12 items, destination quality with 10 items and behavioral intentions with 3 items (Alexandris et al., 2018). RESULTS: The Structural Equation Modeling analysis run with AMOS showed acceptable fit: χ2 = 8205, df = 1980, χ2/df = 4.14, CFI = 0.92, NFI= 0.91, and RMSEA = 0.07, which predicted 84% of variance intentions to revisit (R2=0.84). Destination loyalty is related to the core dimension of event quality at all levels of sports experiences. Though related to an affective image, still these relationships are mediated by destination quality. CONCLUSION: Research shows that sports event from its opening through a complete organization phase contributes to destination loyalty.
P42 Biomechanical comparison of single- and double- leg landings during 3-point jump shot in basketball
Rachnavy Pornthep1, Khaothin Thawichai1, Rittiwat Wacharee2
1School of Sports Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; 2Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
Knee injuries are common in basketball players, especially ACL injuries, which are considered serious injuries for athletes. PURPOSE: To compare the biomechanical characteristics of single-leg landing and double-leg landing during basketball 3-point jump shot. METHODS: Ten male basketball athletes ages 18-30 participated in the study. A set of spherical retro-reflective markers placed on their body segments to measure movement performance. The landing motion was measured using the QTM™ motion system. Participants performed single-leg and double-leg 3 point jump shot landing tests. Subjects landed on Kistler force plate during all performance trials. Paired t-tests were used to compare the kinematic and kinetic variables of the knee joint and ground-reaction forces between the single-leg and double-leg jump shot during the landing. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between groups were found for the vertical ground reaction force, knee joint angles, knee valgus angle and knee angular velocity. For the single leg during landing, the subjects’ knees were less flexed and less angular velocity but greater knee valgus angle and vertical ground reaction force (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Increased knee valgus angle during single-leg 3 point jump shot landing in basketball may reflect the greater ACL injury. It suggests that Injury prevention should be landing with a good technique.
P43 Model of work – the factor in swimming instruction effectiveness
Drazen Rastovski, Jurica Lovrincevic
Faculty of Education, J. J. University Osijek, Croatia
PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of particular models of teaching non-swimmers and compare the tested population of 201 children aged 9 to 11 years. METHODS: The sample was divided into two subgroups in which the children were taught how to swim using the same program, but a variety of models. The first model (1) was a model of teaching non-swimmers in the summer school for a period of 14 days, while the other model (2) was implemented within the school program and lasted 6 days. The number of lessons for the swimming instruction for both groups was the same (20 hours). To determine the effectiveness of these models a statistical software package STATISTICA was used. To compare the progress of the groups we used the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test and for comparison between the groups Mann-Whitney U-test P<0.05. RESULTS: The research showed that both programs yielded significant progress but it was also established that type 1 instruction in which children were taught to swim during summer school was more successful. CONCLUSION: Both programs produce good results and are suitable for conducting swimming instructions. We recommend model 1, where swimming instructions are completed during summer school. Model 2 of swimming instructions is conducted during school in nature and it is completed in six days and obviously in lack of time for even better implementation.
P44 Leisure time physical activity among children in Vojvodina
Sonja Cankovic1,2, Vesna Mijatovic Jovanovic1,2, Natasa Dragnic1,2, Ivana Radic1,2, Tanja Tomasevic1,2, Dusan Cankovic1,2, Sanja Harhaji1,2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
According to the World Health Organization children and youth should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity daily. Physical inactivity is considered as one of the major risk factors for many chronic diseases. PURPOSE: To analyze the prevalence of physical inactivity in leisure time among children in Vojvodina and to determine the association between socio-demographic factors and physical inactivity. METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Health Survey Serbia, cross-sectional study conducted in 2013. The sample included 332 children aged 7-14 in Vojvodina, 47.3% males and 52.7% females. Physical inactivity was examined as having physical exercise/sports in leisure time 1-2 times per week or less. RESULTS: During leisure time, only 37.7% of children were having physical exercise/sports almost every day, almost two-fifths (38.6%) were physically active only 1-2 times per week and one-fourth (23.8%) were rarely or never physically active. Girls had almost two times higher odds for physical inactivity (OR=1.88; 95%CI=1.19-2.97) than boys and children from rural areas (OR=1.73; 95%CI=1.01-2.74) compared to urban. There was no influence of other variables (age and household wealth). CONCLUSION: The results show a high level of leisure time physical inactivity among children in Vojvodina, particularly among girls and children from rural areas.
P45 Morphological changes in boys with special needs after physical education
Danilo Bojanic, M Ljubojevic, R Milasinović, I Vasiljevic
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
The need which man has for physical activity is one of the requirements for survival. Physical education as an integral part of the educational process in schools has the basic task of using positive kinesiological operators to influence positive transformation processes. The population of students with special needs represents one of the links in the chain of complex educational and systematic social influence in physical education to which new generations are subjected. PURPOSE: This research was aimed at showing how and in what way different kinesiological operators can influence the transformation of the anthropological status of students with special needs. METHODS: The research has been conducted on the students of the Center for Children and Youth with Special Needs in Mostar, the Center Los Rosales Mostar and the Facilities for daily living for children with special needs in Niksic. The sample consisted of 46 boys. Nine variables were tested: breast circumference, upper arm circumference, abdominal volume, upper leg circumference, lower leg circumference, scapula skin fold, upper arm skin fold, abdomen skin fold, lower leg skin fold. RESULTS: The applied curriculum of physical education and sports contributed to the change in tested parameters. CONCLUSION: The obtained results should contribute to better planning, programming, directing and controlling the effects of physical education and sports on the population of students with special.
P46 A socio-demographic aspect of cycling as transportation and its relation to health
Vesna Mijatovic Jovanovic1,2, Dragana Milijasevic1,2, Ivana Radic1,2, Sonja Cankovic1,2, Sanja Harhaji1,2, Tanja Tomasevic1,2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
Using a bicycle for transportation can contribute to an increase in total physical activity and thus a beneficial effect on health. PURPOSE: To determine the socio-demographic differences in cycling during transports in the working population in Vojvodina as well as to assess its association with health. METHODS: Data from the National Health Survey in Serbia 2013 was analyzed on a sample of 2527 participants aged 20-65 years in Vojvodina. RESULTS: The third of participants (35.2%) used a bicycle for transport at least 5 times a week, 11.6% - 3 to 4 times, while 43.0% never used it. Among those who have never ridden a bicycle, were a significantly more urban population (46.2%; p<0.001), the category of rich (55.9%; p<0.001) and participants with high education (57.4%; p<0.001). Analysis showed that participants who did not ride a bicycle had a 2.3 times higher chance of assessing their health as poor (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.55-3.36) compared to those who were cycling more than 150 minutes a week. CONCLUSION: Bicycle as a means of transport in Vojvodina is significantly less used by respondents in the urban area as well as persons of higher social status. People who do not cycle have a significantly higher chance of assessing their health as poor.
P47 Physical activity and self-rated health: a population-based study in Vojvodina
Ivana Radic1,2, Mirjana Martinov Cvejin1, Sanja Harhaji1,2, Sonja Cankovic1,2, Natasa Dragnic1,2, Dusan Cankovic1,2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Serbia
Physical activity has many documented health benefits and can be undertaken in different domains of life. PURPOSE: To estimate the association between physical activity in different domains with self-rated health in the adult population. METHODS: The study is part of the National Health Survey Serbia, a cross-sectional study conducted in the year 2013 by the Ministry of Health of Republic of Serbia. The sample included 3633 people aged 20 and more from Vojvodina. Levels of physical activity in leisure time, at work, walking and cycling for transportation were assessed by questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between good self-rated health and physical activity variables. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis indicated that higher levels of physical activity in all three domains (leisure time, transportation, work) were associated with a better assessment of health. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that leisure-time physical activity (OR=1.65) and walking for transportation (OR=2.65) 150 minutes and more weekly were important predictors of good self-rated health. Participants who were physically active at work were 1.31 times more likely to assess their health as good/very good compared to those who were sedentary. CONCLUSION: Physical activity in leisure time, at work and walking for transportation are associated with good self-rated health, after adjustment for age, gender, and educational level.
P48 Influences of occupational therapy as curricular activity on to psycho-physical development of hearing-impaired students
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Romania
PURPOSE: We intend to identify the effects of occupational therapy means on self-esteem and on the psycho-motor development level for hearing-impaired students. METHODS: Two instruments (test-retest at an 18-month interval) have been used for the hearing-impaired pupils of the "Vasile Pavelcu" Technological Special High School in Iasi: the scale of multidimensional attitudes for self-esteem E.T.E.S. (N=45 subjects, 24 boys and 21 girls, aged between 13 and 18) in elementary and high school, each groups of 15 subjects; the test Ozeretski – Guillmain (N= 45 subjects: 25 boys and 20 girls, aged between 8 and 12) in primary and elementary school. The individual test applied for assessment of psycho-motor development level. The subjects for whom we have assessed the self-esteem attended activities that included pantomime/puppet theater, manual and sports skills activities. The subjects for whom we have assessed the psycho-motor development level have attended the following activities: manual skills, painting, and sports activities. All activities were attended following a preset graph. RESULTS: There is a significant statistical difference to subjects in the phase of retesting to the testing phase for all the variables taken into account: social self-esteem, prospective self-esteem, the total level of psychomotor development. CONCLUSIONS: Self-esteem and the level of psycho-motor development are two variables that can improve the psycho-physical state of children with hearing impairment through occupational therapy.
P49 Effects of four-month football training on the motor skills of the younger school-age children
Vedran Gajski, Zvonimir Tomac, Hrvoje Ajman
Faculty of Education, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
Correspondence: Zvonimir Tomac (ztomac@foozos.hr)
It is recommended to encourage children from their early school age to various sports activities to improve their growth in general. PURPOSE: The influence of the four-month football-specific training on functional and motor abilities of the boys aged 7 to 10 years were tested. METHODS: A study sample was formed of 18boys. A sample of variables was made of two morphological tests, six motor skills tests and one test of functional capacities. The four-month program of football has consisted of 53 practices, 4 times per week averagely. Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used for estimating differences between initial and final measures. RESULTS: The results of the study determined statistically significant positive effects on the morphological characteristics and functional capacities of participants. Also significant positive effects were marked on the motor skills, balance (T=12.00; Z=3.05, p=0.00), explosive power of lower extremities (T=24.50; Z=2.66, p=0.01) and coordination (T=18.00; Z=2.77, p=0.01), and in aerobic tests (T=200, Z=3.64, p=0.00). Statistically significant positive effects were not determined in agility, flexibility and repetitive power of the front side of the trunk. CONCLUSION: Various extracurricular activities improve student development and enhance their growth and development. This study points out the important role of sports activities for children due to a positive influence not only on motor skills but also on growth, development, socialization and physical health.
P50 Effect of exercise on menopausal symptoms and sexual functions
Annamaria Pakai1, Andras Olah1, Pongrac Acs1, Timea Csakvari1, Novak Evelin2
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary; 2Heart Institute, University of Pecs, Hungary
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess the habits of women with post-menopause, symptoms related to lack of exercise and presence of sexual dysfunctions. METHODS: A descriptive, quantitative study was carried out in Baranya county, Hungary between August 2017. – January 2018. Our target group consisted of post-menopausal women between the age of 40-65, with an active sexual life (N=102). Standardized questionnaires (FSFI, MENQOL, Godin-Shephard leisure) were used for data collecting. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression analysis, χ2– and independent samples t-test were calculated with SPSS 20.0 software (p<0.05). RESULTS: Mean age was 50.56±4.35 years, 55.58% of women had reached the post-menopausal stage. Mean BMI was 25.93±4.06 kg/m2. 47.06% of women exercises regularly, they spend 4.27±2.8 hours/week on average. Mean value of Godin-Shephard leisure scale was 28.02 ±18.68 among women with an active life. Respondents got 26.88±5.34 points on FSFI questionnaire, 47.06% of them mentions some kind of sexual disorder. FSFI values are higher among women who exercise and the risk of developing sexual dysfunction is lower (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise can be a contributing factor to both physical and mental health of post-menopausal women. An active way of life has a beneficial effect on sexual functions, it reduces the number of menopausal symptoms and their intensity, reacting to the development of sexual dysfunction as well.
P51 Influence of extracurricular and out-of-school sports activities on elementary school students
Tihomir Vidranski, P Otkovic, M Hrga
Faculty of Education, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
The active leisure time for students can be supplemented by attending extracurricular and out of school sports activities. PURPOSE: To determine if attending extracurricular and out-of-school sports activities influence students’ motor skills. METHODS: 94 students (47 male) from first and third grade (45 from first and 49 from third grade) were tested in three motor skill tests according to CROFIT: run across with sponges (MAGPRP); bend the upper body from sitting position (MFLPRU); raising of the torso from a lying position (MRSPTL). The height and weight, as well as the body mass index, were also measured. Out of the total sample, 25 students were in the group engaged in extracurricular and out of school activities (G1), while 23 students were in the group engaged only in out of school activities (G2). In the group engaged only in extracurricular activities (G3) were 23 pupils. There were 23 pupils in the group (G4) which was not engaged in either extracurricular or out of school activities. RESULTS: G1 performed better in all motor skills tests and results were superior as compared to G4. G2 performed better than G4 and G3 achieved better results in MAGPRP then group G4. CONCLUSION: Additional physical activities have great impacts on the development of motor skills for elementary school pupils.
P52 A pilot study about the development of visual-motor memory and segmental coordination at physical education students from Timişoara
Mihaela-Liana Faur, Corina Pantea
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, West University Timisoara, Romania
PURPOSE: The study aims to find solutions in order to improve the educational activities in vocational colleges – field of Physical Education and Sport. METHODS: The study included 43 physical-education students. They were subjected to two tests. The memory test consists of an eight times exercise which every student had to memorize and to reproduce it correctly. The segmental coordination test consists of a two eight times exercise. All tests are done practically. RESULTS: At final testing (Tf) at the memory test 4 female students (22.2%) performed accurately compared with 2 (11.1%) at initial testing (Ti) and 8 of them scored at the second attempt. The segmental coordination test requires more precise control of the movements. There were students who needed 10 to 12 attempts for the correct execution of the structure at Ti as well as at Tf. None performed well at first attempt. At the motor memory test, 6 male students out of 25 (24%) executed correctly at first attempt at Tf compared to 2 students (8%) at Ti. At Tf for segmental coordination, none of the students performed well on the first attempt. CONCLUSION: In order to intervene effectively in the process of motor learning and memory stimulation, the activities should be varied and able to apply in a creative way.
P53 Twelve weeks of in-season FIFA 11+ program improves physical performance in adolescent soccer players
Marko Gusic1, Nebojsa Trajkovic1, Dejan Madic1, Slavko Molnar1, Slobodan Andrasic2, Ivica Franciskovic3
1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Faculty of Economics, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 3Football club Spartak Subotica, Serbia
Effects of FIFA11+ prevention warm-up program on the reduction of injuries are well documented. However, studies concerning the benefits of this program on physical performance are limited. PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the effect of in-season FIFA11+ program on speed, change of direction speed and vertical jump performance in adolescent male soccer players. METHODS: Forty-eight male soccer players (mean ± SD: age = 17.79 ± 1.18 years, height = 176.17 ± 7.12 cm, mass = 63.35 ± 9.01 kg, experience = 7.76 ± 1.36 years) from FC Spartak Subotica participated in this study and were divided into two groups, FIFA11+ and control. The experimental group performed the FIFA11+ program three times per week for 12 weeks whereas the control group just performed their regular warm-up program. RESULTS: FIFA11+ group showed improvements in vertical jump performance, however with only significant improvement in CMJ (p=0.01). Intervention group improved 5m sprint (p=0.05), 10m sprint (p=0.01) and 20-m sprint (p=0.01). The intervention group also improved their performance on Illinois test (p=0.01). No changes were found in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that FIFA11+ program can be used as an effective conditioning means for improving physical performance in adolescent soccer players.
P54 The relationship between repeated sprint ability and aerobic capacity in adolescent soccer players
Slavko Molnar1, Marko Gusic1, Slobodan Andrasic2, Nebojsa Trajkovic1, Danilo Radanovic1, Milan Cvetkovic1
1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Faculty of Economics, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
There is a considerably higher amount of research dealing with repeated sprint ability (RSA) and aerobic capacity in soccer recently. However, due to numerous RSA tests and VO2max determination tests, there is a contradiction in the past years. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between RSA and aerobic capacity in adolescent soccer players. METHODS: Ninety-two well-trained adolescent soccer players (age:16.6±1.3yr; height:180.49±5.3cm; mass:70.12±7.3kg) were involved in this study. They were tested for RSA test consisted of 6x40m(20m+20m) shuttle sprints separated by 20s of passive recovery and the VO2max was calculated during the 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test. The fastest time in a single sprint (RSAbest), mean time (RSAmean) and percent decrement (RSAdec) during the RSA test were determined. The relationships between VO2max and RSA performance were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: We found moderate correlations for VO2max and RSAmean (r=-0.534; p=0.001) and significant correlation between VO2max and RSAbest (r=-0.366; p=0.022). However, no relationship was found between VO2max and RSAdec. CONCLUSION: Results from the correlation analyses suggest that VO2max could be considered as an important determinant of RSA performance in adolescent soccer players. Our findings suggest that to improve RSA, adolescent soccer players could benefit from training for aerobic capacity improvement.
P55 Training process in the development of strength in gymnasts
Ikonomi Edison, Kapedani Kujtim
Sports Department, Faculty of Movement Sciences, Sports University of Tirana, Albania
Strength is one of the most important motor skills for gymnasts. It is characterized by muscle features to develop strain while performing gymnastics exercises. In this study, we analyzed thirty-two male gymnasts from five sports clubs in different cities of Albania, who were members of the gymnastics competition at the national level. Strength was evaluated with six tests for the period from November 2017 (T.I.) to November 2018 (T.F.). Strength was developed with a dynamic and static method. The test results are presented: (a) legs flexion upon the upper body during 30 sec. T.I. 18.25 ± 3.007 vs T.F. 19.3 ± 3.08 no. of reps., p ≤ 0.001; (b) upper body extension upon the legs during 30 sec. T.I. 21.7 ± 2.12 vs. T.F. 23.03 ± 2.22 no. of reps., p ≤ 0.002; (c) Deep squat one leg during 30 sec. T.I. 16.7. ± 2.11 vs. T.F. 18.2 ± 2.33 no. of reps., p ≤ 0.001; (d) broad jump T.I. 253.44 ±14.723 vs T.F. 257.07 ± 14.12 cm, p ≤ 0.005; (e) running 30 meters T.I. 4.276 ± 0.18 vs T.F. 4.105. ± 0.1674 s, p ≤ 0.001; and (f) stand L in parallel T.I. 39±6.283 vs. T.F. 43.81± 5.313 s, p ≤ 0.001. Tests have shown changes in the level of development of this ability. Changes were found in 71.9% subjects while 9 athletes (28.1%) demonstrated low levels of strength. High level of strength raises performance in training gymnasts and their results in competitions. In a long and hard process of prepare the gymnasts, qualitative systematic testing of strength is available for examination of their situation in each training period.
P56 Changes in maximum oxygen consumption of wrestlers
Kapedani Kujtim, Ikonomi Edison
Sports Department, Faculty Movement Sciences, Sports University of Tirana, Albania
PURPOSE: In this study, we present the progress of the development of VO2max team "Tirana wrestling sport" during the three months annual training process. METHODS: A total of 18 wrestlers involved in this study, with their desire. The data presented are related to some anthropometric measurements (age, weight, height, body mass index.) and measurements of VO2max on the ergo-metric "Monarch" bicycle. For this, it formulated a genuine program to increase the level of VO2max, where the wrestlers will be trained for 12 weeks, with three training sessions a week, 15-20 minutes, performing exercises and aerobic endurance mostly outdoor jogging. The data subjected to statistical processing using the IBM SPSS Statistics software 22 method. The statistical techniques used include: general descriptive analysis, evaluation of data distribution and search hypothesis search through differential techniques between two measurements, using T-test. RESULTS: Seeing the results a significant improvement was observed from the first measurement to the second and mainly to the VO2max indicators and specifically: VO2max in l min. with improvement margin of 0.34 l / min. (p ≤ 0.001) and VO2max in ml / kg / min. with improvement margin 4.46 ml/kg / min. (p ≤ 0.005). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the above changes with a growing improvement in aerobic level indicators are a good basis for the continuation of physical preparation (motors) in general and technical results of the race.
P57 Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status in 6-year old Serbian children
Boris Popovic1, Nebojsa Trajkovic1, Danilo Radanovic1, Dejan Madic1, Aleksandra Spasic1, Dusan Stupar2
1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Faculty of Sport and Tourism, Educons University, Novi Sad, Serbia
Fundamental motor skills are an important determinant of children’s general development. Considering the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity across the world, great attention should be paid to the coordination level in children with an excessive body mass index (BMI). PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in gross motor coordination of 6 years old children with different weight status. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected in 182 Serbian preschool children (95 boys, 87 girls) aged 6 (SD ± 0.89) years. Weight status (normal-weight, overweight, obese) was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force BMI cut-off points for children. Gross motor coordination was assessed by means of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). RESULTS: ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups in all tested variables (p<0.01). Obese children were found to result in poorer KTK performances (p<0.01) compared to normal weight children. Comparing normal weight and overweight children, differences were not significant only for test moving sideways (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Childhood overweight and particularly obesity were found to result in poorer KTK performances in 6-year old Serbian children. The most pronounced effect of BMI on gross motor performance was observed for one-legged hopping over a foam obstacle.
P58 Motivation and physical self-concept as the predictors of physical activity in physical education classes
Slobodan Pavlovic1, Dragan Marinkovic2, Visnja Djordjic2, Eric Brymer3
1Teacher Training Faculty in Uzice, University of Kragujevac, Serbia; 2Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 3Leeds Beckett University, UK
Physical activity of students in a physical education class is a significant indicator of motivation and the quality of teaching. PURPOSE The research project examined the extent to which motivational orientation of students and physical self-concept contribute to the prediction of the volume and intensity of student physical activity in a physical education class. METHODS: The survey included 236 pupils (aged 10±1.4 years; 127 boys and 109 girls). Physical activity was estimated by the volume using the Coach Gear pedometer and intensity using the Suunto pulse meter. Students’ motivational orientation, a modified Self-Regulation Questionnaire was used and for the assessment of the physical self-concept Self-perception Profile for Children were used. RESULTS: The obtained results indicate that both models of the predictor are statistically significant (p<0.01), in boys for both criterion variables (volume and intensity of the physical activity), whereas the prediction was absent in girls in both cases. At the level of individual variables, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Competence have the greatest predictive power. CONCLUSION: Physical education classes should be planned to encourage inner motivation and to support basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and connection with others.
P59 Medical rehabilitation and adapted sports activities: case report of a patient with paraplegia
Slobodan Pantelinac1,2, Ksenija Bosković1,2, Snezana Tomasević-Todorovic1,2, Snezana Mikulic-Gutman2, Aleksandar Knezevic1,2, Tijana Spasojevic2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
Correspondence: Slobodan Pantelinac
PURPOSE: Persons with disabilities need a well-planned rehabilitation approach both in the professional sense and in resocialization. The aim of the paper was to show that the injuries of the thoracic part of the spine with the spinal cord lesion that resulted in paraplegia, do not necessarily lead to a decrease in the quality of life. CASE PRESENTATION: At the age of 42, the patient was admitted to the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic in 2014, two months after surgically treated Th8-Th12 fractures and injuries sustained in a traffic accident in November 2013, in which he participated as a motorcycle driver. On reception, mobile with wheelchairs that he actively used. In the lower extremities, there were no active voluntary movements. A specific exercise was conducted, with the evaluation of the clinical psychologist and supportive advisory work. After the hospital treatment, there are still plegia of the lower extremities. The patient continued the implementation of rehabilitation treatment in ambulatory and home conditions. The patient applied for the Provincial sports games of paraplegia and quadriplegia, where he won three bronze medals. CONCLUSION: This clinical case emphasizes the importance of a complex and multidisciplinary approach, both in the early, in the chronic phase of rehabilitation and reintegration in society.
CONSENT
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report. A copy of the written consent is available for review from the Editors of this journal supplement issue.
P60 The relationship between anxiety and aggression among Hungarian football players
Agnes Palvolgyi, Kata Morvay-Sey, Melinda Trpkovici, Pongrac Acs, Andras Olah, Jozsef Betlehem
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
During a football game, many situations can generate inner tension. This stress can turn into aggressiveness, which impairs performance. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety (trait and state) and the trait of aggression among football players. METHODS: A total of 95 Hungarian football players were tested (age between 13-19) with the Spielberger Trait- State Anxiety Inventory (STAI, 1983), The Anger Expression Scale (1985), and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ, 1992). The Hungarian version of STAI has children (under 16) and adult (above 16) versions. We accepted the results as significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: We used Pearson Correlation and found positive correlation between STAI TRAIT and BPAQ TRAIT (r=0.51, p=0.00) and between all the subscales of BPAQ (anger r=0.4, p=0.001; physical aggression r= 0.42, p=0.00; verbal aggression r=0.251, p=0.036; hostility r=0.516, p= 0.00) among children. We also found positive correlation between STAI STATE and hostility (r=0.470, p=0.018) and anger (r=0.398, p=0.049) among adults. CONCLUSION: Results showed a positive correlation between trait anxiety and trait aggression, which prove the connection of aggression and trait and state anxiety among football players.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the Human Resource Development Operational Program, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P61 Special Eurobarometer on sport and physical activity versus International Physical Activity Questionnaire, comparison of two different survey methods
Alexandra Makai, Viktoria Premusz, Jozsef Betlehem, Andras Olah, Csaba Melczer, Csilla Filo, Kinga Lampek, Maria Figler, Pongrac Acs
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary
Correspondence: Alexandra Makai
The monitoring the physical activity of the healthy adults has great importance; they face a significantly lower risk of various chronic diseases compared to those with a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE: The differences among Special Eurobarometer on Sport and Physical activity (EB) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-L) compared to accelerometer data were examined. METHODS: Data were obtained from cross-sectional research among healthy adults in 2018 (N=113), from Hungary. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine the difference between the EB and IPAQ questionnaires compared to accelerometer data. RESULTS: 62 women and 51 men have participated with age of 21.5±1.8 years and BMI 22.0± 5.7 kg/m2. The total MET of the EB was 2012.7±1368.3, while in IPAQ questionnaire that was 3445.1±2150.8. The correlation between the two variables was 0.582 (p<0.001), and the correlation coefficient of EB versus accelerometer was 0.312 (p<0.001) and the IPAQ versus accelerometer data was 0.362 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Comparing the two different survey methods we found that all of them is appropriate to measure physical activity level, but they showed different mean values which need further investigation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the Human Resource Development Operational Program, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P62 The effect of exercising on sexual functions in post-menopausal women
Annamaria Pakai, Andras Olah, Jozsef Betlehem
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary
Problems with the quality of life (QoL) could form quickly after menopause, which could become permanent after this period. PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to assess the symptoms originated from the lack of exercise and the presence of sexual dysfunctions among women in postmenopausal age. METHODS: Our cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in Pecs, Hungary between August 2017 and January 2018. Women aged 40-65 were selected, who reached post menopause, sexually active and agreed to participate in the study (N=102). During non-probability, convenience sampling we used questionnaires to collect data (FSFI, MENQOL, Godin-Shephard leisure). We calculated descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, χ2test and independent t-test (p<0.05). Our results are presented with confidence intervals as well. RESULTS: Mean age was 50.56±4.35 years, 55.88% of women reached menopause. 47.06% of the respondents do sports actively, 47.06% of them showed sexual dysfunction according to FSFI results. FSFI results were higher among those who exercise regularly, and the presence of sexual dysfunctions were lower (p<0.05). Exercising regularly and occurrence of dysfunctions (p<0.001), alongside with the number of symptoms occurred and FSFI results showed significant differences (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing physical activity and reducing the number of symptoms helps to prevent the development of sexual dysfunctions. A study using a control group could point out more complex results on the effect of exercising in post-menopause.
P63 Characterization of the physical activity of patients with heart failure based on actigraph and CRT device data
Csaba Melczer1, Laszlo Melczer2, Bence Laszlo Raposa1, Andras Olah1, Pongrac Acs1, Jozsef Betlehem1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary; 2Heart Institute, University of Pecs, Hungary
Correspondence: Csaba Melczer
The effect of regular physical activity on health is widely recognized. Several studies have proved its key importance for heart patients. However, patients may not be assuming adequate amounts of movement. The 6-minute walk test is used to check the physical status of the patients in the clinic. PURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate the 6-minute walk test result based on Actigraph and CRT device’s telemetry data. METHODS: Total of 42 patients suffering from heart disease were recruited from the Heart Clinic of Pécs into the study. Actigraph and built-in CRT device sets of values were used to describing physical performance. The Patient Activity % value was used to estimate the distance traveled over a 6-minute walk test. RESULTS: On further data analysis, we have concluded that the distance walked during the six-minute-long test may be measured by PA% from the data of the CRT device. CONCLUSION: With our method, the changes in patients' physical status could be monitored telemetrically with assistance from the implanted electronic device.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the Human Resource Development Operational Program, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P64 Effect of physical activity to economic activity
Csilla Filo, Pongrac Acs, Andras Olah, Jozsef Betlehem
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary
Correspondence: Csilla Filo
More studies and research activities have analyzed the relationships between physical activity and economy activity in the past decades. Vitality is a basic prerequisite for labor market success. PURPOSE: The research action and study aimed to present the member of society sport and recreational activity effect on the situation of the labor market. In addition, look for the significant relationship between physical activity and economic activity. METHODS: On-line questionnaire was completed (n=651) on a regionally representative sample in South-Danubian Region. After processing the database, the hypotheses were verified by independent t-tests, correlation and Cramer’s analysis (p<0,05). RESULTS: More studies have revealed a relationship between physical activity and labor market activity. I based my research on this fact in the South-Transdanubian region. Confirmed that the long-term preservation of workers' health becomes an increasingly important priority. Physically active workers have shown better social and economic indicators than inactive staff. The effect of physical activity also increases in income levels. CONCLUSION: There appears to be, therefore, a link between physical activity and the structure of the labor market connected to initial access to employment and then higher income opportunities with aging that are associated with a career ladder.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the Human Resource Development Operational Program, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P65 Stressors and burnout in the diagnostic medical departments
D Sipos1,2,3, A Pandur1, A Kedves2,3, V Varga1, M Csima2, I Repa1,3, A Kovacs1,2,3, A Olah1, J Betlehem1
1Doctoral School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary; 2Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary; 3Somogy County Kaposi Moricz Teaching Hospital Dr. Jozsef Baka Diagnostic, Radiation Oncology, Research and Teaching Center, Kaposvar, Hungary
Correspondence: D Sipos
Burnout is common among health care professionals. It may have a negative impact on the personal, professional life also on the effectiveness of the healthcare system. PURPOSE: Our aim was to measure occupational burnout levels among radiology department workers in Hungary. METHODS: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure burnout levels alongside our self-made questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS V 24.0. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA with Kruskal-Wallis analysis were performed to examine the relationship between given demographic characteristics and the three dimensions of burnout (p<0.05). RESULTS: 404 (n=404) radiology department workers participated in the survey. The sample had a high mean burnout score for emotional exhaustion (34,28; SD12,98) depersonalization (12,81; SD6,62) and personal achievement (41,03; SD8,70) compared to MBI norms. Age, modalities and years spent in the health care system had significant influence for all three dimensions of burnout (p<0.05). Educational level affected personal achievement significantly (p=0,001). CONCLUSION: According to our results a high number of radiology department workers are experiencing occupational burnout at emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimension of burnout.
P66 Circulating adrenal steroid levels in response to extreme physical stress in male athletes
Eva Csondor1, Gellert Karvaly2, Roland Ligetvari1, Gabriella Far1, Barna Vasarhelyi2, Viktor Toth Miklos3, Miklos Toth1,2,4, Timea Stromajer-Racz1, Jozsef Betlehem1, Andras Olah1, Pongrac Acs1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary; 2Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; 3Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary; 4University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; 5International Training Centre, Budapest, Hungary
Correspondence: Eva Csondor
Adrenal steroid molecules play a significant role in the regulation of cardiovascular, metabolic and other functions in response to acute stress. PURPOSE: To prove that as a result of stress the concentration of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex increases in blood, probably in this way they help the body adapt. METHODS: We investigated the plasma levels of 14 different steroid molecules in a model of extreme acute physical and mental stress in male athletes. Steroid levels were measured with a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. All values were measured at baseline, at maximum stress situation and thirty minutes later. We used a paired t-test and descriptive statistic. RESULTS: Steroid metabolites were elevated only in the physical stress model. Nine steroid molecules were elevated in the restitution phase, and we recorded the changes of some steroid for the first time in this model. CONCLUSION: Steroid metabolites of the adrenal cortex clearly respond to stress. Mental stress did not have a significant effect on steroid levels. Clarification of the physiological roles of the changes in steroid levels needs further investigations.
P67 Survey of trait aggression among athletes and non-athletes
Kata Morvay-Sey1, Eva Tekus2, Andras Olah 1, Antal Kovacs1, Agnes Palvolgyi1, Agnes Kerner1, Pongrac Acs1, Jozsef Betlehem1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary; 2Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to investigate the trait aggression of athletes (a) and non-athletes (na) with a questionnaire. METHODS: 14-18 years old respondents (N=280) filled the standardized Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire completed with other (demographic, sports habits) questions. Athlete group (n=140) participated regularly in training for at least 3 years. Athletes (n=140) were divided into subgroups: non-contact (aerobic n=20), sport games (handball n=20, basketball n=20), combat sport (wrestling n=20, judo n=20, karate n=20) and cyclic sport (n=20). RESULTS: Significant difference was found between athletes and non-athletes in anger (a:14.91±3.68, n.a.: 18.75 ±10.45); hostility (a:18.76±4.7, n.a.:22.36±12.89) physical aggression (a:18.08±5.39, n.a.:25.03±5.9, and trait aggression (a:65.75±12.88, n.a.:80.57±27.1). The non-athlete group had significantly (p≤0.05) higher trait aggression score (80.57±27.09) than the athletes divided into further subgroups according to the tactical division of sport (non-contact: 62.77±11.34; cyclic sport: 64.1±13.18; sports games: 63.42±14.78; combat sports: 68.13±12.46). If the sports examined separately, we found significant (p≤0.05) differences in the total score of trait-aggression between the non-athletes (80.57±27.09) paired with aerobics (62.77±11.34), basketball (61.46±10.41), judo (66.43±12.1) and swimming (64.1±13.18). CONCLUSION: Based on our results the positive effect of sport on trait aggression is visible.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the HRDOP EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P68 Examination of the balancing ability and it’s subjective opinion reflected on body composition in patients with osteoporosis
Peter Tardi, Brigitta Szilagyi, Pongrac Acs, Marta Hock, Andras Olah, Jozsef Betlehem
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary
Correspondence: Peter Tardi
PURPOSE: The number of falls/fractures in the postmenopausal population is a public health problem that can be caused by age-related body and physical changes. METHODS: Randomized sampling characterized our cross-sectional survey. The sample consisted of volunteer postmenopausal women (n=104). We examined body composition, static balancing ability, dynamic balancing ability, and activities-specific balance confidence. For statistical analysis, we used SPSS 20 program to characterize the sample, as well as dissimilarity tests (one-sample t-test) and correlation tests (Pearson correlation). RESULTS: Our sample (68.24±7.41years; 161.15±6.7cm; 71.73±12.69kg; 27.53±3.94kg/m2) bone density was -2.68±0.42 on the lumbar spine. High body fat percentage (40.8±6.84) was found. We found a significant (p=0.001) correlation between muscle mass and bone density. Significant (p<0.001) relationship was found between muscle and body fat percentage. We found no significant (p=0.55) relationship between activities-specific balance confidence and dynamic balancing ability (r=0.06). CONCLUSION: Based on international studies and the results of this study, we concluded that the bone density of the postmenopausal population is related to body composition parameters. Reduced muscle mass and balancing ability are typical, which is not reflected on the balance confidence.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the Human Resource Development Operational Program, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P69 The national economic burden of physical inactivation in Hungary
Pongrac Acs1, Miklos Stocker2, Jozsef Betlehem1, Andras Olah1, Antal Kovacs1, David Paar1, Mark Hoffbauer1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary; 2Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary
PURPOSE: The aim is to obtain reliable quantitative information on the effects of physical inactivity on the national economy (savings from reducing physical inactivity). METHODS: The research was to quantify the types and complications of diseases stemming from physical inactivity using data from the National Health Insurance Fund. Research conducted on this subject in Hungary and abroad confirms that the improvement of public health through physical activity is one of the most cost-effective tools. PAR indicator was used to give an estimate of the mortality or morbidity rate that occurred due to the risk factors identified in this study. RESULTS: The national economic burden of certain types of illnesses related to physical inactivity is 330 billion HUF (2017). The budgetary savings that can be made by a 10 percent reduction in inactivity level is 9,3 billion HUF. The research also touched on the impact of physical inactivity on sickness benefit expenses (1,7 billion HUF could be saved). CONCLUSION: Our research confirms that in Hungary, an attempt to increase physical activity can be considered a long-term investment (sports centers and health programs).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the Human Resource Development Operational Program, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P70 Increased levels of serum endothelin-1 in response to acute extreme physical stress with preserved left ventricular function in male Hungarian athletes
Roland Ligetvari1, Pongrac Acs1, Gabriella Far1, Eva Csondor1, Zsolt Komka3,4, Istvan Szokodi1, Miklos Viktor Toth2, Miklos Tooth1,3,4, Timea Stromajer-Racz1, Jozsef Betlehem1, Andras Olah1
1University of Pecs, Hungary; 2Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; 3Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; 4University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
Correspondence: Roland Ligetvari
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has not only a vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effect but direct arrhythmogenic potency. Therefore, it is a strong candidate for playing a role in sudden cardiac death. PURPOSE: To characterize the ET-1 levels upon extreme physical and mental stress in professional handball players. METHODS: We investigated the response of 62 athletes (mean age=23) to extreme physical (vita maxima treadmill test) and mental stress (simulated military combat model). Circulating peptide levels were analyzed with ELISA systems. Circulatory, metabolic and gas exchange values were monitored. All values were measured at baseline, at maximum stress situation, and in the restitution phase. RESULTS: ET-1 levels were unchanged in mental stress but showed elevated values at the peak of physical stimulation returning to basal levels 30 minutes later (baseline: 5.5±3.7; peak: 6.82±4.6; recovery: 6.04±5.5 pg/ml). Subjects showed differential ET-1 answers in the physical stress model: 85% of the individuals showed elevated, whereas 15% showed lower levels after the treadmill test. CONCLUSION: Our observation of elevated ET-1 levels indicates that plasma ET-1 levels are worthy to monitor upon extreme physical load.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Supported by GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00047, Szechenyi 2020.
P71 Comparison of the global physical activity questionnaire results with accelerometer data among healthy young adults
Viktoria Premusz, Alexandra Makai, Jozsef Betlehem, Andras Olah, Csaba Melczer, Csilla Filo, Kinga Lampek, Pongrac Acs
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary
Correspondence: Viktoria Premusz
General positive effects of regular physical activity (PA) on health conditions are well known. However self-reported data on mode, frequency, duration, and intensity of PA differs. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare subjective and objectively measured physical activity (PA) patterns of young adults for a further population-based application. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during February-April of 2018 to examine the socio-demographic, anthropometric, and PA data (GPAQ, Actigraph GT3X) of 113 healthy students (age 21.5±1.8 years, BMI 22.0± 5.7 kg/m2) of the University of Pécs, Hungary. RESULTS: Respondents spent in average five hours (298.5±314.0 min/wk) with active transportation, almost two hours (111,5±126.5 min/wk) with moderate recreation weekly and 6.5 hours (397.7.46±186.4 min/day) with sitting daily according to the GPAQ database. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 450.5±466.0 min/week with GPAQ, only 344.4±141.2 min/week with GT3X (p<0.001). We found a moderate correlation between GPAQ and accelerometer MVPA data them (R=0.403, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite the fact, that objective measures show moderate correlation with accelerometer data, they are applicable to large population samples. Distressing inactivity of university student needs urgent interventions.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was carried out with the support of the Human Resource Development Operational Program, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00003: "Creating a Research Network for Recreational and Health Cooperation".
P72 Examination of work-related stress and coping strategies among ground- and air-ambulance workers
Bence Schiszler, Balint Banfai, Attila Pandur, Balazs Toth, Henrietta Csonka, Jozsef Betlehem, Balazs Radnai
Institute of Emergency Care and Pedagogy of Health Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Hungary
PURPOSE: Based on the scientific literature, a high level of stress is present among Hungarian health sector workers, which can affect the individuals' life. This study aims to discover major risk factors and its extent of work-related stress among ground- and air ambulance personnel and to identify their positive and negative coping strategies. METHODS: a national survey was conducted among Hungarian rescue workers between June and October 2015. Data were collected with a self-designed questionnaire using Holmes and Rahe (2000) Stress and coping validated short questionnaire online form. A total of 141 people took part in the survey. Data were analyzed with MS Office Excel, SPSS 20.0 programs, descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square test, two-sample T-test. RESULTS: Among the ground rescue workers increased work-related stress effects are detectable (p <0.01), and they are exposed to a much greater variety of physical and psychological symptoms (p <0.05). Based on Global Stress and Coping Index more effective coping mechanisms can be observed among air rescue workers (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: It is important to provide regular professional theoretical and practical training for strengthening coping strategies among ambulance workers. Occupational stress reduction needs to be an essential part of the job of human resource management.
P73 Energy demands of top-level Croatian aesthetic sports athletes: a case study
Marijo Moznik, Tamara Despot, Stipo Dajakovic
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Being an athlete in aesthetic sport does not just mean the beauty of movement, technical perfection, and choreographic routine, but also great energy consumption and thus the development of all energy capacities. PURPOSE: In order to adequately develop the aesthetic athletes’ energy capacities, it is necessary to set the criteria for the evaluation of the parameters themselves. METHODS: The subject sample consisted of two best Croatian male aesthetic sports athletes (dancesport and artistic gymnastics) with recognized results in European and World Championships in the last five years of competing. They performed an incremental treadmill test for estimating aerobic capacity. Variables that are measured was peak velocity attained in test (F1vmax), the velocity at anaerobic threshold (F1vVT), maximum heart rate attained (F1HRmax), heart rate at anaerobic threshold (F1HRVT) and maximum oxygen uptake (F1VO2; F1RVO2). RESULTS: Dancesport athlete (F1vmax 17.5 km/h; F1vVT 14.5 km/h; F1HRmax 183 bmp/min; F1HRVT 168 bmp/min; F1VO2 4.27 lO2/min; F1RVO2 54.78 mlO2/kg/min); Artistic gymnastics athlete (F1vmax 17 km/h; F1vVT 12.5 km/h; F1HRmax 187 bmp/min; F1HRVT 169 bmp/min; F1VO2 4.57 lO2/min; F1RVO2 56.9 mlO2/kg/min) CONCLUSION: Top-level dancers and artistic gymnasts differ from average population according to the best technical performance, which can be shown exclusively if the energy capacities are on a top level. These two subjects can be models in the development of new dancers and gymnasts in Croatia.
P74 Use of technology in physical education classes - a perspective of PE teachers
Ilija Klincarov1, Biljana Popeska2, Orce Mitevski1, Goran Nikovski1, Katerina Mitevska Petrusheva3
1Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia; 2Faculty of Educational Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Macedonia; 3Faculty of Education, International Balkan University, Skopje, Macedonia
Correspondence: Ilija Klincarov
Technology implemented in PE teaching process can increase the level of PA, motivates children to move and could facilitate the process of teaching and learning. PURPOSE: To determine the attitudes of PE teachers regarding the implementation of technology in PE teaching process as well as to explore different approaches in its application. METHODS: A total of 40 PE specialist teachers from 15 different schools in Macedonia were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire. RESULTS: PE teachers share the opinion that technology in general decreases the level of PA (64%), children are not interested to use it at PE classes (52%) but it is well implemented in PE classes, it could motivate children to be more active (39%). PE teachers mainly use technology as personal support in preparation for classes (60%) and during the classes when demonstrating new skills. Youtube videos and different mobile applications are the most applied forms. CONCLUSION: Technology-supported teaching and learning could be very effective and motivating for students. Balanced and well-planned use of technology at PE classes could increase children interest in participation.
P75 Academic motivation of students in physical education and sport at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”
Georgi Ignatov1, Iliana Petkova2
1Sport Department, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Macedonia; 2Faculty of Education, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Macedonia
Correspondence: Georgi Ignatov
The quality teaching process depends not only on the teacher but also on the academic motivation of students participating as equal partners in the educational process. The PURPOSE of this article is to represent the results from a study aimed at establishing the degree of academic motivation of students. Totally 45 participants, students at the second and third year of bachelor study in specialty Physical Education and Sport at Sofia University participated in the study. METHODS: Angel Velichkov's questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of academic motivation in which are set the factors that favor or impede the formation of high academic motivation and allows to trace its development. RESULTS: Results are aimed to prove the assumptions that students in Physical Education and Sports specialty should have: 1) active attitude towards the learning process; 2) internal self-discipline and 3) striving to complement and extend the knowledge obtained. The analysis will be comparative, based on the gender and year of study which will allow us to determine whether these two criteria also influence the degree of academic motivation. CONCLUSION: The establishment of differences in the levels of these three criteria and overall level of the students' academic motivation will enable teachers to optimize the teaching process and make it more personal-oriented.
P76 Fundamental locomotor movements in elementary school children in urban areas in Skopje
Aleksandar Aceski, Ilija Klincarov, Martin Andonovski, Jelena Aleksic
Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
Correspondence: Aleksandar Aceski
Regular physical activity in children is important for overall child development including all developmental aspects: motor, cognitive and socio-emotional. Through movements, children explore and learn about their environment. This process of moving and learning enhance children cognitive functions and their cognitive development. Early childhood is a period when fundamental motor movements start to manifest. These movements are the essential building blocks and a precondition for learning other complex and specialized movements in different sports. Fundamental movements are also the main and essential part of all physical education curricula for children from an early age. PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study is to estimate the level of acquisition of locomotor movement manifested in elementary school children from the urban area of city Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. METHOD: Children`s motor skills were estimated using the protocol “Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD2)”. RESULTS: Obtained results suggest no differences in total scores for all estimated locomotor movements as well as differences in personal scores for each of the analyzed skills regarded the age and gender of children. CONCLUSION: Although the study was done on a small and selected sample, obtained results could be used as a good foundation for designing PE curricula that will be based on real and scientifically proven results.
P77 Who can be reached in media-based physical activity promotion campaigns? Preliminary study
Danijel Jurakic1, Zrinka Greblo Jurakic2
1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia; 2University Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Croatia
TV program with the aim to promote physical activity and healthy eating was created and broadcasted on Croatian national television. A total number of 16 episodes were aired once per week from October 2016 to January 2017. Each episode was dedicated to a single recreational sport or recreational exercise presented from the view of exercise beginner, exercise expert, nutritional expert and personal story of an experienced exerciser. PURPOSE: To determine the characteristics of the audience reached by the above-mentioned TV program. METHODS: Descriptive analysis was conducted using following parameters: AMR (average minute rating) which represents an average number of viewers per minute, AMR% (the average of the audience per minute divided by the total of a population). RESULTS: The average AMR of all episodes was 62.294 viewers i.e. 1.54% of the whole population. TV program attracted more females (AMR 37.416, AMR% 1.76) than males (AMR 26.651, AMR% 1.30). According to income, most of the viewers are categorized as "middle income" (AMR 35.088, AMR% 1.48) and least as "higher income" (AMR 3.719, AMR% 1.18). Majority of the viewers belonged to middle-aged group 55-59 (AMR 8.593, AMR% 2.77) as opposed to young adults 35-39 (AMR 2.542, AMR% 0.90). CONCLUSION: TV program oriented toward the promotion of physical activity and healthy eating has the potential to engage 1.5% of the population, particularly middle-aged women with middle-income.
P78 Frequency foot deformity in the first-grade primary
Ivan Vasiljevic, Jovan Gardasevic
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
To determine the moment of occurrence of postural disorders, regardless of the cause of its creation, this problem must be examined from the moment of entry of children into the new environment, i.e. in kindergarten or school. In developed countries, there are institutes for preventive work with children that are equipped with modern diagnostic instruments whose task is to timely detect deformities and developing therapeutic and preventive programs. PURPOSE: Estimate possible foot deformities in elementary school students. METHODS: The survey was conducted in two primary schools in Niksic in Montenegro, with a sample of 85 students. To determine the status of the foot is applied on the basis of the orthopedic method that looks at the plantar side of the foot. RESULTS: Mentioned research indicated very worrying data, where over 70% of children who were tested have a certain deformation of the foot in the said level. CONCLUSION: Prevention and treatment should begin as early as possible in order to enforce complex exercises to increase the elasticity of the foot and plantar extensor muscle strength.
P79 The effects of 14-day bed rest and recovery on skeletal muscle in younger and older subjects
Katja Koren1, Bostjan Simunic1, Stefano Lazzer2, Enrico Rejc3, Rado Pisot1
1Science and Research Centre of Koper, Slovenia; 2Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy; 3Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, USA
Bed rest is a recognized ground-based model to study the effects of physical inactivity and microgravity. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of 14-day bed rest and recovery on skeletal muscle architecture, force, and power in young and older. METHODS: Sixteen older and seven younger male subjects were exposed to 14-day horizontal bed rest, followed by rehabilitation. Before (BDC) and after (BR14) the bed rest and after 14th (R+14) day of rehabilitation we measured vastus lateralis (VL) architecture, knee extensors maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) and maximal jumping explosive power (EP). RESULTS: VL architecture, MVC and EP reduced at BR14 only in older. The thickness and pennation angle decreased at BR14 for -6% (P=.050) and -13% (P=.001), respectively, and remained reduced even at R+14. Similarly, MVC and EP decreased for -13% (P=.001) and -15% (P=.001), respectively, and remained decreased at R+21. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated more pronounced responses to bed rest in older. Several important muscle parameters did not recover in older that has an important clinical value to avoid prolong bed rest and/or to develop interventions. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02694471).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Co-financed under the Cross-border Cooperation Program Slovenia-Italy 2007-2013 by the European Regional Development Fund and national funds.
P80 Reducing physical activity and screen time behaviors among children and young adolescents in Kazakhstan
Shynar Abdrakhmanova1, Kwok Ng2,3, and Assel Adayeva1
1National Center of Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 2Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; 3Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
PURPOSE: To examine the associations between PA and screen time behaviors (STB) among children and young adolescents in Kazakhstan. METHODS: Data were pooled from the 2015/16 Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) study (n=4932, 49.8% girls, Meanage=8.77 SDage=0.68) and the 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study (n=4153, 49.3% girls, Mean age=12.93 SDage=1.64). Parental proxy reporting of children's PA levels and weekday STB time in the COSI study. In the HBSC study, young adolescents self-reported their PA levels in the past week and the number of STB hours including TV viewing during weekdays. RESULTS: The number of children and young adolescents who met the PA recommendations reduced among children aged 9y (68.1%), to young adolescents aged 11y (35%), 13y (37%) and 15y (31%). Similarly, there was a reduction in the proportion of adolescents who met the STB recommendations between the ages of 9y (75%), 11y (60%), 13y (53%), and 15y (47%). CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations in the methodologies between the COSI and HBSC surveys, and self-reporting of behaviors, there was a pattern of lower health-promoting activities as children transition into young adolescents.
P81 The effect of 15-minute active recess on children’s physical activity
Department for School Education, Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
Physical education lessons and the recess represent two main contexts in which all children have the opportunity to be physically active. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of free play and semi-structured 15-minute active recess to children’s physical activity levels. METHODS: The sample included 92 children (47 boys), aged 6 to 8 years. Children were selected in the control (CG; 32 children) and the experimental group (EG; 60 children). EG have available sports equipment and have to spend recess outdoors, whereas the control group didn't. Physical activity was measured with accelerometer (ActiGraph, Pensacola, Florida) during a single day. The accelerometer was placed around the child's waist (right hip) with an elastic belt. The children wore the accelerometers all the time except when sleeping, swimming or taking a shower or bath. We carefully recorded the time of the active recess. RESULTS: The recess period lasted 14.2 ± 2.5 minutes. The experimental group was more active during 15-minute recess for 336 % (P=0.001) and that was reflected also in higher daily PA for 8 % (P=0.064). The experimental group achieved also higher time spent in the moderate-to-vigorous intensity of physical activity, being 84.7 ± 27.5 minutes in the experimental group and 73.3 ± 23.8 in the control group (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: The study shows the importance of active recess on achieving daily physical activity levels.
P82 The relationship between physical activity and quality of life among adolescents and orphans
Lucija Maglica1, Gordan Drasinac2, Ana Penjak,1 Hrvoje Karnincic1
1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia; 2University of Split, Croatia
Correspondence: Lucija Maglica
PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between physical activity (PA) and the quality of life in secondary school pupils and in orphans. The second aim was to determine differences in PA habits among groups. METHODS: 91 participants (age 15.4±1.2) divided into two subsamples: secondary school pupils (n=75) and orphans from the Split region (n=16). The variable sample consisted of nine variables out of which four variables that questioned the quality of life by means of the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire and five variables that questioned subjective assessment of weekly PA by means of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Differences between groups were tested by the Mann-Whitney U Test. Correlation among the quality of life self-assessment variable and weekly PA habits on total sample and for both groups separately was established by Spearman coefficient rank. RESULTS: Differences between groups were found in the variable of light PA intensity level (U=376.5; Z=-2,3; p=0.02). Housekeeping activity in orphan’s institution is performed by employees, not by the children themselves. Intensive PA, among orphans it significantly correlates with social aspect (ρ=0.58) and surroundings aspect of quality of life (ρ=0.62). CONCLUSIONS: Orphans share a similar amount of PA with the other pupils but sport for them has a particular meaning. The more sports they do, the more satisfied-regarding the social domain of quality of life-they feel.
P83 Psychological characteristics of senior female volleyball players
Milena Aljinovic, Nika Stanovic, Mirjana Milic
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia
Correspondence: Milena Aljinovic
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the psychological characteristics of senior female volleyball players, as well as potential differences regarding their chronological age, playing experience and player position. METHODS: The subject sample included 62 senior Croatian female volleyball players (average chronological age 18.29±3.37 years), competing in the Premier Croatian volleyball league, divided into 5 subgroups according to their player position in: technicians (22.58%), diagonal players (9.68%) receivers-hitters (30.65%), middle blockers (20.97%) and libero players (16.13%).The sample of variables was represented by PSIS-Y and CSAI-2 questionnaire variables, in total nine psychological dimensions were used: mental preparation, motivation, concentration, self-confidence, relation with the team and anxiety control, as well as two dimensions of anxiety state (cognitive and somatic component) and self-confidence. RESULTS: Metric characteristics of the validated PSIS-Y and CSAI-2 questionnaire scales had high values, confirming the high quality of the measuring instruments used in measuring psychological characteristics of volleyball players. Also, previous findings regarding the psychological functioning of senior female volleyball players were additionally confirmed. Significant differences were determined between groups of players from different clubs in three psychological characteristics defining anxiety (cognitive and somatic anxiety and PSIS-Y questionnaire anxiety scale). CONCLUSION: The obtained results indirectly show that psychological characteristics are equally important in playing all the positions in volleyball and that Croatian volleyball teams do not pay enough attention to the perfection of these skills.
P84 Doping factors and correlates of potential doping behavior in team sports coaches: a gender-specific analysis
Dora Maric1,2, Sime Versic2, Antonino Bianco1
1SPPF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 2Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia
Coaches are found to be the most influential persons in athletes' behavior. Studies reported that athletes perceived them as a credible source of information, and have high trust in their opinion regarding doping. PURPOSE: To determine doping attitudes (positive vs. negative opinion about potential doping behavior in athletes [PDB]), and factors influencing PDB in sports coaches involved in team sports. METHODS: 113 coaches (16 females; age: 41.5±5.1 years) involved in four team sports (soccer, basketball, volleyball, and handball). Variables were collected by previously validated questionnaires, which included questions on sociodemographics, sport-factors, and doping-related factors. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between sports in coaches' opinion about doping presence in their sport (KW: 10.44, p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between genders in opinion about doping presence in their sport (KW: 2.79, p = 0.09), and PDB (KW: 6.81, p = 0.08) while female coaches are more oriented toward more rigid penalties for doping offenders than males (KW: 11.01, p = 0.02). Logistic regression identified coaches’ opinion about doping presence in their sport as predictive for PDB (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.31-2.01). CONCLUSION: Coaches strong impact on athletes’ attitudes and behaviors makes them important agents in the fight against doping.
P85 Aikido in Croatian society: a case study
Ana Sabolic, Suncica Bartoluci
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Correspondence: Ana Sabolic
Aikido is a contemporary Japanese martial art whose popularity in Croatian society has been increasing for past years. Since its arrival to the West in the 1950s, until today, aikido has been modified and its original principles and ideas have been interpreted and applied differently depending on the school, tradition and wider socio-political context. Today, unlike its original militaristic orientation, aikido is focused on achieving physical well-being and psychophysical development of an individual, but basic orientation differs from school to school. PURPOSE: To determine the role and meaning of aikido in Croatian society on the case of the Varaždin Aikido club where Aikikai style of aikido is practiced. METHODS: This paper concerns a six months period of ethnographic research. We also made 10 semi-structured interviews with trainees and teachers. RESULTS: There is a very close connection between Eastern culture and a specific way of life bonded with practicing aikido and martial arts in general, but in Croatian society, these are "modified". CONCLUSION: Due to different cultures and lifestyles and the distance from its source, the modern way of life and the Western aspiration for competing, the heart of aikido is being changed, simplified, and put in frames and shapes that are closer and more similar to the customs and culture of Croatian society.
P86 Evaluation of active breaks in toddlers group
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Active breaks can be used with toddlers and they are an excellent example of physical activity in the institution of early and pre-school education. PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness and efficiency of performing 25 different physical activity breaks with toddlers. METHODS: 33 toddlers (aged 1.8 to 3 years) participated in this trial. Activities were recorded with a video camera and the observation method was used for the qualitative analysis results. A sample of qualitative variables was created based on the observation of toddlers while performing various types of motor content. Motor contents were analyzed by the following components that make the variables: feasibility, interest, quality of performance, involvement, usability, duration and efficiency in relation to the goal. Variables were rated: BAD (less than 50% of toddlers), GOOD (more than 50% of toddlers, but not all) or EXCELLENT (all or almost all), depending on the estimate. RESULTS: Stories which included physical activity, kinesiological elementary games, and multimedia content showed very good and optimal contents for performing physically active breaks with toddlers, while general preparatory exercises proved to be the worst accepted exercises. CONCLUSION: Physically active breaks can be applied in the toddlers’ group and they represent an interactive way to engage early age children in physical activity. The content must be appropriate to the age of the children, their possibilities and interests, and their implementation is influenced by the professional competences of the educators.
P87 Reliability of the Croatian version of the Ryff´s Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) scale
Maja Ban1, V Mijoc2, T Fehervari3
1Allegra Fitness & Wellness Centar, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Croatia
Psychological well-being is a multidimensional construct that consists of six different aspects of human actualization. Each dimension is different challenges that an individual face in the process of developing a person. PURPOSE: Overviewing the literature, no previous study reported data on the reliability of the Croatian version of Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing scale. The aim of the study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the Croatian version of Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing scale. METHODS: The sample consisted of 50 students of the University of Karlovac (52% men, 48% woman; mean age 19.38 years; SD 1.827;). The study was conducted on two occasions, and there were two weeks between two measurements. The 42-item Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) Scale was used in the study. RESULTS: Data analyze reported Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between test and retest data. The correlation between the first and the second measurements is statistically significant (Rho = 598; p <0.01). According to the internal reliability coefficient (Cronbach´s Alpha), results in the first measurement, i.e. Alpha is, 521, and in the second is 842. CONCLUSION: The results of the Croatian version of Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing scale showed satisfactory reliability for measuring six aspects of wellbeing and happiness.
P88 Reliability of the Croatian version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire
Vanja Blazun1, Vesna Mijoc2, Tamara Fehervari3
1OVB Allfinanz Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Croatia
The Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) was designed to assess the amount of time spent doing 9 behaviors (watching television, playing computer games, sitting while listening to music, talking on the phone, doing paperwork/office work, sitting/reading, playing a musical instrument, doing arts, sitting and driving/riding in a car/bus/ train). The 9 items were completed separately for weekdays and weekend. PURPOSE: Overviewing the literature, no previous study reported data on the reliability of the Croatian version of the SBQ. The aim of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the Croatian version of SBQ on students. METHODS: The sample consisted of 53 students of University of Karlovac (52% men, 48% woman; mean age 19.38 years, SD 1.827). The study was conducted on two occasions. There were two weeks between measurements. Two scales were measured, one scale was the measure for the weekend and the other for the week. The Croatian version of Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire was used in the study. RESULTS: The correlation between first and second measurements for subscale week reported with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is statistically significant (Rho=.577; p<0.05). The correlation between first and second measurement for subscale weekend is statistically significant (Rho=.719; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the Croatian version of SBQ showed satisfactory reliability for measuring sedentary behavior during week and weekend on student population.
P89 Differences in physical activities of two high school programs
Janja Ricov1, Franjo Rozijan2
1Zagreb Sports Association, Croatia; 2Secondary School Zabok, Croatia
Development of modern technologies, lifestyle habits, especially of younger, have been significantly changed, resulting in spending their free time, consisting primarily of sitting-position activities. PURPOSE: Therefore, the goal of this research was to find the existence of significant differences in the level and intensity type of PA of High School students per various categories of PA. METHODS: Primary data for this research was collected on the bases of international IPAQ questioner for evaluation of daily activities. Questions were related to 7 days with the following activities: Free-leisure time, Household chores and Work and communication to work. The research was conducted on the group of 24 boys-computer technicians of Vocational-School and 25 girls-students of classic High-School in the city of Zabok. For the establishment of differences between student groups PA, non-parametric "Mann-Whitney U-test" was utilized. RESULTS: From this research, it could be concluded, that, there were statistically significant differences in PA between males and females, obtained in the following variables: Extremely difficult: days per week, hours and, minutes per day; Moderately difficult: days in the week; Activities in sitting position: hours-daily, minutes-daily. CONCLUSION: In all variables with significant differences among gender participants, higher averages were registered for boys. That means that boys have higher PA than girls. But boys also spend more time in sitting position-activities, then girls, while, in all other PA there are no significant differences among participating groups (Asymp.Sig>5%).
P90 Differences in breathing patterns of male and female 400m runners
Marina Banovic1,2, Vlatko Vucetic2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive care, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Breathing economics is important in sports in order to obtain the least possible energy consumption with optimal gas exchange. PURPOSE: To determine the differences among male and female athletes breathing patterns at maximum load. METHODS: 28 healthy Croatian 400m runners (14 M and 14 W) of similar age (mean M 19.96+/-3.60 vs W 19.13+/-3.20 years, p=0.53) conducted spiroergometric testing. RESULTS: There was no difference concerning breathing frequency, Rfmax (mean M 62.30+/-8.27 vs W 58.23+/-9.08/min, p=0.23). Men achieved higher values in maximum minute ventilation, VEmax (mean M 161.34+/-24.70 vs W 104.67+/-13.72L, p<0.01) and one breath volume, VTmax (mean M 2.70+/-0.31 vs W 1.93+/-0.35L, p<0.01). A new variable, %VT/FVC, showing the percentage of their fortified vital capacity athletes breathe at maximum load, showed no significant difference among groups (mean M 44.01+/-4.08 vs W 47.69+/-7.49%, p=0.12). Correlation coefficient 0.48 among VEmax and Rfmax pointed that minute ventilation did not increase only by increasing frequency but also with breathing depth. A negative correlation exists between %VT/ FVC and Rfmax. CONCLUSION: Establishing better control of breathing frequency and depth at maximum effort could result in higher values of %VT/FVC and greater breathing economics. Further research is needed to determine whether breathing training should become a regular part of the training process with the aim of achieving the optimal breathing pattern.
P91 Comparative analysis of motor and functional abilities of athletes of different sport directions
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
PURPOSE: The main goal of this research is to determine if there are statistically significant differences in the motor and functional abilities in football, basketball and volleyball players, or to determine differences in quantitative and qualitative changes in motor and functional abilities in these athletes. METHODS: In accordance with the set-up goal, a transversal study was conducted in which the empirical and statistical methods were applied, and the research technique is testing. The research was conducted on a sample of 75 subjects, male sex divided into three subsamples, with an age range of 13 to 15 years. The selected variables in this study hypothetically cover the space of motor skills (9) and functional abilities (4). An analysis of ANOVA variance, multivariate analysis of MANOVA variance, LSD-test between all combinations and discriminatory analysis between all three subsamples were used to determine differences within groups. RESULTS: A statistically significant canonical discriminatory factor with a characteristic root of 0.24. According to the values of the centroid of the groups, a statistically significant difference within the groups was observed on the discriminator function. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that there are statistically significant differences in motor and functional abilities in athletes. Trainers can use this research in order to achieve better results with athletes.
P92 In Silico evaluation of ADMET features of silybin and its derivatives by chemometric tools
Vanja Seregelj, Strahinja Kovacevic, Milica Karadzic Banjac, Sanja Podunavac-Kuzmanovic, Lidija Jevric
Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Silybin or silibinin is a major active constituent of silymarin. It is used as a liver-protective drug in the form of supplements. Its short half-life in the organism and limited absorption is one of the main problems that restrict its effectiveness, so structural modifications and synthesis of new silybin-based derivatives are welcome. PURPOSE: To evaluate the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) features of new silybin derivatives compared to the features of silybin and to reveal potential similarities among them based on ADMET properties. METHODS: Seven compounds, available in the PDB database, were analyzed by vNN and PreADMET software, including silybin, quercetin, 2,3-dehydrosilybin, and four silybin glycoconjugates. ADMET features (liver toxicity, enzyme inhibition, membrane transporters inhibition, etc.) were predicted by using the models based on a restricted applicability domain. Chemometric tools were used in classification analysis for the detection of similarities among the studied compounds applying Statistica software. RESULTS: The results show that some of the newly synthesized silybin derivatives have favorable ADMET characteristics and low toxicity and some of the studied compounds are CYP inhibitors with binding affinity to membrane transporters (P-gp inhibitors or substrates). CONCLUSION: The studied compounds could be considered a good basis for further investigations of their hepatoprotective effects due to favorable ADMET features, and afterward their application in the treatment of liver diseases could be eventually considered.
P93 Physical activity and quality of life in students aged 19 to 22
Nada Arseni, Hans Eric Reitmayer
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Babes Bolyai, Cluj Napoca, Romania
Nowadays due to the process of industrialization and the excessive technologization modern man leads an increasingly motionless life. With technology being more accessible, actions that required physical activity are now only a click away. In the search to make our life easier, we often neglect the benefits of physical activity to our health and to our wellbeing. PURPOSE: To examine the association between physical activity and quality of life in students aged between 19 and 22 years old. METHODS: Data were collected via an anonymous questionnaire from N=400 (200 female and 200 male) undergraduate students. Physical activity was assessed with the Occupational sitting and physical activity questionnaire (OSPAQ), and quality of life was assessed by the Questionnaire on Quality of Life CEEX 71/2006. RESULTS: Most of the students tend to have a sedentary lifestyle. Only a small percentage of them are involved in activities that are physically demanding. The quality of life is directly proportional to physical activity and does not depend on BMI. CONCLUSION: The physical activity level among university students is medium to low. Female students have a lower percentage of physical activity than male students. All of them should be encouraged to do more activities which involve movement during their spare time to increase their levels of physical activity and the quality of life.
P94 Report of individual changes in anthropological status after finishing Croatian long-distance trail
Jere Gulin, Vlatko Vucetic, Stipo Dajakovic
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
PURPOSE: Croatian long-distance trail (CLDT) is a first ultra-long hiking trail in Croatia which was created and finished for the first time in 2018. A subject of this research was one of the founders, and the first person to complete the route in a whole. Level of subject's aerobic endurance, as well as basic morphological parameters before and after the CLDT, are reported. CASE PRESENTATION: Subject, a 38 years old male, had started with the trail in April of 2018 and finished in the August of 2018. There was a total of 103 days on the trail. The total distance that was covered is 2281 km. His body weight was reduced by around 8 % (Initial: 70.5 kg, Final 65.0 kg), his body fat was reduced by 21% (I: 16.8%, F: 13.2%). Level of his relative VO2max, measured by progressive incremental walking test on a treadmill was increased by around 15% (I: 44.15 mlO2/kg/min, F: 50.83 mlO2/kg/min). His maximal incline on a treadmill test was increased by 18% (I: 20°, F: 24°) CONCLUSION: Significant improvements in the overall level of fitness was noted. Subject reported no injuries during the hike which had also attributed to these results. Long distance hiking can cause significant changes and improvements in aerobic energetic capacities and morphological characteristics.
CONSENT
Written informed consent was obtained from the participant for publication of this case report. A copy of the written consent is available for review from the Editors of this journal supplement issue.
P95 Effects of two types of volleyball training programs on the development of motor skills
Mateja Deranja, Josip Deranja
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Motor development largely depends on the variety of stimuli which have effects on the development of motor skills. Nowadays, girls are involved very early in the training process in volleyball. In order to follow their normal distribution of motor development, it is necessary that those training processes include exercises for basic motor development. Training processes are often oriented to the early sports specialization and achievement of greatest results at the earliest age. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of two types of volleyball training processes on motor development. METHODS: Seventy-six girls, average age of 8.6 ± 0.8 years, from two different volleyball schools participated in this study. Both volleyball groups had training 2 times per week for 19 weeks. Control group conducted program containing only volleyball elements exercises. The experimental group conducted a program containing volleyball elements exercises and 30-minute polygon with basic motor development exercises. RESULTS: T-test showed significant differences between initial and final results in the experimental group (jumping on one leg, standing on one leg – eyes closed, dribbling a tennis ball, running 10x4). In the control group, a significant difference was shown only in one test (dribbling a tennis ball). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that programs based on the multilaterally oriented physical activity must be included in sport specific training program for children’s normal motor development. They show certain advantages over the more specific program of volleyball school.
P96 Comparative analysis of anthropometric parameters as obesity indicators for seven-year-old children of different resident status
Milena Mitrovic, Katarina Dragutinovic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
Correspondence: Milena Mitrovic (mitrovic.m@ac.me)
One of the major medical problems of today in the world is the obesity of children. Obesity is a chronic disease that is exacerbated by excessive fat accumulation in the body and increased body weight. PURPOSE: To determine the nutrition of seven-year-old children in the urban (Podgorica) and rural area (Zupa) of Montenegro and to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in nutrition among them. METHOD: The sample of respondents consisted of 66 children seven-years-old from Podgorica and Zupa (Niksic) divided into 4 sub-samples according to the criteria of gender and place of residence. Each respondent was calculated BMI and WHR, which were shown numerically and in percentages, and the differences were determined using the HI square test. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that there are statistically significant differences in overweight and obesity among children of both genders from Podgorica and Zupa, where the children from Podgorica had a significantly higher percentage of children from Zupa. CONCLUSION: Children from rural areas are less obese than children in urban areas. The reason for this should be found in the fact that children in the rural area are more physically active and healthier foods, which are the main reasons for preventing obesity.
P97 Morphological characteristics and body composition of soccer players in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jovan Gardasevic1, Dusko Bjelica1, Zoran Milosevic2, Marin Corluka3
1Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; 2Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 3Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Correspondence: Jovan Gardasevic (jovan@ucg.ac.me)
PURPOSE: The aim was to determine the differences among the top soccer players of the Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the anthropometric measures and body composition. METHODS: The first sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 23 players of FC Sutjeska-Niksic (age 21.69±4.30 years), the champions of Montenegro Cup in 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 28 players of CSC Zrinjski Mostar (24.36±4.14 age), the champions of the Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2016/17. Soccer players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Anthropometric measures and the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 10 variables: body height, body weight, waist size, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set, abdominal skin set, body mass index, fat percentage, and muscle mass. The significance of the differences in the anthropometric measures and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. RESULTS: It was found that the soccer players of the two mentioned clubs don’t have statistically significant differences by the variables. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the soccer players of these two teams have very similar anthropometric characteristics.
P98 Comparison of hand and electronic timing during 20 and 30 m sprints in primary school
Spela Bogataj1, Miloš Ignjatovic2
1Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Elementary school “Kralj Aleksandar I”, Gornji Milanovac, Serbia
Sprinting speed is an important physical attribute in sport and physical education and therefore is often trained and tested. Although the ideal option would be to use photoelectric cells, the most commonly used measurement tool is a stopwatch because it is much cheaper and feasible in certain settings, such as schools. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare hand timing and electronic timing during the 20-meter and 30-meter sprints. METHODS: Subjects included 40 primary school children (10.2 ± 0.40 years). The test sprints were simultaneously evaluated with hand and electronic timing. RESULTS: A paired samples t-test revealed that hand timing resulted in faster sprint times than electronic timing for both the 20 m (p ≤ 0.05) and 30 m sprints (p ≤ 0.05). Compared to the hand timing, manual timing yielded times were an average of 0.21 seconds faster in the 20 m sprint. Mean hand timing sprint times during the 30 m sprint were an average of 0.28 seconds faster than the electronic timing condition. CONCLUSION: Electronic timing is the gold standard for measuring speed, and using the hand timing produces consistently but significantly faster times. Results of this study provide practitioners with information that allows accurate interpretation of differences between hand and electronic timing methods.
P99 Body mass index and blood pressure-to-height ratio in predicting the incidence of hypertension in Children
Valerija Puskas, Tatjana Pavlica, Rada Rakic
Department for Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Recently a new method using blood pressure-to-height ratio for diagnosing hypertension in children has been introduced. PURPOSE: To compare Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure-to-height ratio (BPHR) in predicting the incidence of hypertension. METHODS: The surveys included 1133 boys and 1154 girls aged 7 - 15. The following equations for BPHR were used: systolic BPHR (SBPHR)=SBP (mm Hg)/height (cm) and diastolic BPHR (DBPHR)=DBP (mm Hg)/height (cm). BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of SBPHR, DBPHR, and BMI as diagnostic tests for elevated blood pressure. The sensitivity and specificity of BPHR and BMI as indicators of hypertension were determined with cut-off values. RESULTS: The BMI-for-age Z-score has a modest ability to identify children with pre-hypertension and AUC values ranging from 0.625 to 0.723 with quite low sensitivity rates from 62% to 72.5% and specificities from 58.2% to 67, 3%. BPHR has a great predictive ability to identify pre-hypertension and hypertension with AUC values of 0.836 to 0.949 for SBP and from 0.777 to 0.904 for DBP. The sensitivity ranged from 78.5% to 95.7%, and the specificity from 73.9% to 87.6%. CONCLUSION: BPHR is a simple and accurate index for detecting hypertension in children aged 7 to 15 years and can be used for early screening.
P100 Predictors of sports and recreation activity in youth in Serbia
Tanja Tomasevic1,2, Vesna Mijatovic Jovanovic1,2, Snezana Ukropina1,2, Sonja Susnjevic1,2, Dragana Milijasevic1,2, Natasa Dragnic1,2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
According to the World Health Organization recommended a level of physical activity for youth aged 18-26 years is at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week. PURPOSE: To examine the role of sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption) as predictors of sports and recreation in youth. METHODS: Data from the National Health Survey in Serbia 2013 was analyzed on the sample of 1540 youth aged 18-26. RESULTS: In Serbia, only 18.0% of youth had a recommended level of physical activity, 13.7% exercised 60-149 minutes, and 68.3% exercised less than 60 minutes per week or did not exercise. Young men (OR=4.3; 95% CI=2.6-7.2) compared to girls and youth aged 18-20 (OR=3.8; 95% CI=2.1-6.7) compared to youth aged 24-26, were more likely to have physical activity 150 and more minutes per week. Youth who belong to the category of rich (OR=3.2; 95% CI=1.7-5.9) compared to the poor category as well as non-smokers (OR=2.8; 95% CI=1.7-4.7) compared to smokers, were more likely to have a preferred level of physical activity. CONCLUSION: More than 2/3 of youth did not achieve the recommended level of physical activity for ensuring good health. Results point to the importance of the development of specific programs and strategies for increasing physical activity.
P101 Correlation between attack contact time and the height and strength of the jump in volleyball
Cosmin Strava1,2, S Gradinaru1
1Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, West University of Timisoara, Romania; 2Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj, Romania
Volleyball is a complex sports game that requires a high volume of motor, technical and tactical skills. In order to gain success in the competition, the coaches focus more and more on the offensive force of the team concretized by the spike. PURPOSE: To determine how the strength of the lower limbs (L.L) and the height of the jump are influenced by the contact time on the ground during the last two steps of the impulse. METHODS: 16 cadets (14-16 years of age, SMM 28.39±3.3, PBF 20.58%±2,478, BMI 21.01±3,982) from a volleyball club in Timisoara were tested for this study. We used InBody720 to evaluate the body composition and Optojump Next System using the "Drop Jump" test to assess the attack spike. RESULTS: After the statistical analysis, a reasonable (r=-0.4520) but statistically insignificant (p=0.07) correlation was obtained, between the contact time (TC) on the ground in the last two steps and the height of the jump, as well a high correlation (r=-0.7996) and a statistically significant (p=0.0002) between TC and the power emitted by L.L. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that when T.C. is shorter, the player gets a higher power in L.L which results in a higher jump.
P102 Anginose symptoms and/or positive ECG stress test in recreational and professional athletes
Drazen Lovric1, Z Babic2,3, L Pavic4, M Jukic5
1Special Hospital for Orthopaedic Surgery, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University Clinical Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia; 4Self-employed; 5Sunce Clinics, Zagreb, Croatia
Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital anomaly that is present when a segment of a major coronary artery runs intramurally. It usually has benign prognosis but also shows highly variable clinical manifestations, especially in young athlete population, from clinically silent, asymptomatic athletes to those who are presented with positive ECG stress test or chest pain symptoms that can be associated with ischemic clinical syndromes. PURPOSE: To evaluate whether MB alone is one of the most common causes of anginose disorders in that age and population group. METHODS: This study is a part of a larger retrograde study in which we have analyzed the rate of recreational and professional athletes with MB under the age of 36 with positive ECG stress test or anginose symptoms. All patients have undergone detailed clinical examination, ECG stress testing, and CCTA. RESULTS: Young athletes with positive ECG stress test or anginose symptoms have the highest positive prediction for having myocardial bridging. CONCLUSION: Despite the most common benign nature of MB, and that the described symptoms in young athletes are most often associated with the presence of MB, we are of the opinion that such symptoms always require full cardiological evaluation.
P103 Association between physical activity and quality of life in college students
Lucijan Supljika Gabelica1, Bruno Lazinica2
1Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Croatia; 2Faculty of Education, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
Correspondence: Lucijan Supljika Gabelica (lucijan.s.g@gmail.com)
PURPOSE: To determine if participation in physical activities (PA) have an impact on students’ quality of life. METHODS: 577 students (273 female, 304 male) of four different faculties of the University of Zagreb responded to a survey questionnaire. The first part of the survey was used to determine the PA level (IPAQ) and the second part for evaluation of life quality (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: 366 participants perform vigorous PA at least once a week, out of which 49,5% perform 1-2 days, 35,8% 3-4 days, 7,7% 5 days and 7,1% of them perform 6-7 days. 416 participants perform moderate PA, out of which 65,4% perform 1-3 days, 22,3% 4-5 days and 12,2% of them perform 6-7 days. 58% of all participants walk every day for at least 10 minutes. 59,4% of participants exercise weekly and 16,5% of them exercise on a daily basis. Of those who exercise weekly, 34,7% is in the range of 1-2 hours and 13,3% exercise more than 5 hours weekly. 8% perceive their life as very poor or poor, 27,9% neither poor nor good, 47,9% as good and 16,3% as very good. Analysis of data indicates a high positive correlation (r=0,97) between the time of PAs and quality of life. CONCLUSION: Students who are more physically active perceive their quality of life as higher compared to students who are less active.
P104 My Jump 2 APP for measuring different jump variables in college athletes
Jagoda Zecevic1, Amelia A. Ornato2, Nebojsa Trajkovic1, Tatjana Jezdimirovic1, Sasa Semeredi1, Valdemar Stajer1, Sergej M. Ostojic1
1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Health Science Department, Stetson University, Deland, Florida, USA
The use of smartphone applications estimating vertical jump outcomes has recently emerged as a simple, cheap and practical tool to evaluate the performance capabilities of athletes and physical fitness of non-athlete individuals. PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of My Jump 2 App for the measurement of vertical jump performance. METHODS: Forty-five college athletes (22 women and 23 men; BMI 22.7 ± 2.5 / 23.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2) performed the following jumps: squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), vertical jump (VJ) and single-leg CMJ (CMJ L/R), evaluated via contact mat and My Jump 2 App. RESULTS: The Pearson correlation between the contact mat and My Jump 2 App revealed a high correlation ranging from r = 0.92-0.99. The parameters of reliability for different methods of jump evaluation ranged from 0.91 to 0.99 for Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and from 0.96 to 0.99 for the intraclass correlation coefficient. The coefficient of variation also declares good reliability (CV% < 5) for SJ, CMJ, and VJ but single-leg CMJs were beyond the reliability criterion (CV% > 5). CONCLUSION: My Jump 2 App appears to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of vertical jump performance in college athletes.
P105 The influence of dance training on motor coordination of younger school age girls
Aleksandra Spasic, Boris Popovic, Dejan Madic, Nebojsa Trajkovic, Danilo Radanovic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
In everyday life, an adequate motor coordination level in children is important for their general development, but also there is a consensus that good motor coordination is important for the health and well-being of children. PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to determine the differences in motor coordination (MC) among the respondents who are engaged in modern dance and their peers who do not deal with any type of physical activity. METHODS: A total of 173 girls aged 7 to 11 years, divided into 2 groups (experimental group/control group), were measured for MC using Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). All girls performed four subtests: walking backward (WB), moving sideways (MS), hopping for height (HH) and jumping sideways (JS). Raw scores for each subtest were transformed into gender and age-specific motor quotients (MQ) values. RESULTS: The results of multivariate analysis ANOVA display that there are differences between divided groups in all of the examined KTK subtest, on the level of statistical significance of p=0.05. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this research, the authors came to the conclusion that the motor coordination of girls who are engaged in modern dance is much more and better developed and therefore, that the dance is positively affecting the transformation of the motor coordination of young girls.
P106 Physical activity and nutrition habits of primary school students
Angelina Matic, Lidija Markovic, Visnja Djordjic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Decreased physical activity and poor nutrition habits can have a negative influence on youth’s health, both short- and long-term. The lack of comparable data on physical activity and diet of Serbian youth is evident. PURPOSE: To examine the physical activity and nutrition habits of primary school students from Bajina Basta. METHODS: The sample consisted of 331 participants (178 males and 153 females; 11-15 years old) from primary schools in Bajina Basta (Serbia). Physical activity and nutrition habits were assessed by respective subscales of a short version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle II. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS: Mean scores for physical activity and nutrition were 2.54 and 2.79, respectively. Boys and girls do not differ significantly in physical activity (p=.529) and nutrition indicators (p=.089). In addition, no age-related differences were identified in physical activity behavior (p=.981) and nutrition (p=.887). The most favorable physical activity behavior referred to participation at a planned exercise program (54.7%). As for nutrition habits, the highest percentage reported regularly eating breakfast (91.2%). However, some health-promoting behaviors were underrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: Primary school students’ physical activity and nutrition lifestyle habits are not gender or age-related. A tailored local health promotion intervention can be designed according to results obtained.
P107 What Do future physical and health education teachers think of grades
Lidija Markovic, Visnja Djordjic
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Grading is the process of assigning marks based on a formal assessment of changes in student behavior. It is usually thought that grades can increase students' motivation by informing them about their achievement and progress. However, grades were criticized by some because of their controlling aspect. PURPOSE: To examine future PE and health teachers’ attitudes on grades in physical education. METHODS: The sample comprised of 363 3th-year- students of Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Novi Sad (189 males, 87 females). Data on GPA was collected and the attitudes on grades were assessed by Questionnaire on Grades in Physical Education. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent Samples T-test, and One-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The future PE and health teachers reported a slightly positive attitude toward grades in physical education (M = 3.40, SD =.59). No significant gender (p=.334) or GPA-related (p=.207) differences were identified in students' attitudes toward grades in PE. In comparison to a similar study conducted twenty years ago, significant differences were detected in favor of previous students in gender (p=.0394) and GPA (p=.0154). CONCLUSIONS: By showing a slightly positive attitude toward grades in physical education, future teachers seem to rely on traditional functions of grades in the educational process.
P108 Vertical jump performance of female volleyball players of different competition level
Dusko Cvijovic, Roberto Roklicer, Suncica Pocek
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Vertical jumps are performed frequently by volleyball players during practices and games. The question of whether vertical jump performance differs between more proficient players and less proficient players is of importance. PURPOSE: To examine vertical jump performance of three different competition level teams. METHODS: Thirty-four volleyball players were assessed for height, mass, spike reach, block reach and vertical jump performance – countermovement jump with arms swing (CMJa), spike (SJ) and block jump (BJ). MANOVA with LSD post hoc test was applied in order to examine whether there were statistically significant differences between Team A, B, and C (17.93±1.33, 8.58±2.84; 16.59±0.93, 5.29±2.06; 14.41±0.61, 3.87±1.30 age and training years respectively), in vertical jumping performance. RESULTS: The MANOVA revealed a significant difference for competition level (F=2.05; p<0.05; partη2=0.27). The subsequent analysis have revealed that both absolute CMJa 268.58±5.45, 264.43±10.44, 258.27±9.23; SJ 272.92±6.40, 268.71±13.41, 261.93±8.82 and BJ 258.92±4.64, 258.00±9.88, 250.80±8.22 and relative CMJa 40.25±2.38, 37.71±5.82, 34.40±5.30, SJ 44.58±3.96, 42.00±8.93, 38.07±6.13 and BJ 33.75±2.90, 33.86±6.23, 29.80±4.81 values of vertical jump performance were better in Team A than B and C volleyball players. Based on LSD post hoc test, statistically significant differences were observed only between Team A and Team C. CONCLUSION: Observed differences in jumping performance of volleyball players according to competition level could’ve been a consequence of different age, training years and skill level.
P109 Evaluation of human resources in the sports system of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dejana Planincic, Said Fazlagic, Izet Radjo
Olympic Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Correspondence: Dejana Planincic (okbih@okbih.ba)
Given the fact that the human resources are an essential element in every organization one can conclude that by improving the competences of human resources within an organization you are strengthening the capacity of the organization itself, therefore an evaluation of the human resource capacities of the National Sport Federations of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been conducted. The results will be used for the current state analysis and will lead to a possible recommendation for the improvement of this segment. PURPOSE: To evaluate human resources as a crucial factor in the effectiveness and efficiency of every sports system. METHODS: The National Sport Federations of Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in the evaluation. The UMAP tool (understanding, managing, assessing and planning) was used for the evaluation of the capacities of the Bosnian Sport Federations. RESULTS: The results indicate that human resources are more effective and efficient if they possess specific education and adequate experience. CONCLUSION: Based on conducted analyses and the obtained results there is a basic need for informal education model to be developed.