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Table 1 Summary of two-way ANOVA results for the differences in lipidemia, blood glucose, hypertension, BMI, and fat percent according to group (Experimental vs Control), time (Pre vs Post), and interaction

From: Regular swimming exercise improves metabolic syndrome risk factors: a quasi-experimental study

Variables (units)

Group

M ± SD

Variation

Effect size (Partial Eta2)

Pre

Post

Group

Time

Interaction

TC (mg/dl)

Experimental

225.95 ± 20.10

173.35 ± 13.60*

0.000*

0.000*

0.000*

0.437

Control

231.35 ± 19.97

232.55 ± 20.69

0.327

0.350

HDL (mg/dl)

Experimental

33.35 ± 3.08

40.55 ± 2.70*

0.000*

0.000*

0.000*

0.211

Control

33.90 ± 3.02

34.10 ± 2.88

0.296

0.273

LDL (mg/dl)

Experimental

157.49 ± 21.31

105.71 ± 14.62*

0.000*

0.000*

0.000*

0.398

Control

161.80 ± 19.71

162.80 ± 21.04

0.311

0.328

TG (mg/dl)

Experimental

175.55 ± 13.06

135.45 ± 1096*

0.000*

0.000*

0.000*

0.557

0.488

Control

178.25 ± 7.95

178.50 ± 9.16

0.494

BMI (kg/m2)

Experimental

29.05 ± 1.67

26.19 ± 1.84*

0.002*

0.000*

0.000*

0.115

Control

28.84 ± 1.59

28.80 ± 1.74

0.158

0.151

Fat (%)

Experimental

26.89 ± 2.70

21.91 ± 2.38*

0.001*

0.000*

0.000*

0.132

Control

26.33 ± 2.34

26.16 ± 2.25

0.229

0.206

BG (mg/dl)

Experimental

207.55 ± 37.34

140.80 ± 19.05

0.002*

0.000*

0.000*

0.120

Control

199.20 ± 27.12

188.35 ± 21.80

0.348

0.217

SBP (mmHg)

Experimental

157.95 ± 12.56

134.10 ± 13.62*

0.000*

0.000*

0.000*

0.155

Control

157.50 ± 11.33

153.80 ± 7.83

0.273

0.167

DBP (mmHg)

Experimental

98.65 ± 3.91

87.55 ± 4.89*

0.001*

0.000*

0.000*

0.147

Control

98.35 ± 6.50

96.50 ± 5.68

0.279

0.165

  1. Note values are: M ± SD Mean ± Standard Deviation, TC Total Cholesterol, HDL High Density of Lipoprotein, LDL Low Density of Lipoprotein, TG Triglycerides, BMI Body Mass Index, BG Blood Glucose, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure; *Significant differences at p < 0.05.