Table 2 Comparative outcomes of shoulder static range of motion and throwing speed
From: Superior training efficacy of beginning movement load training for the baseball throwers
Study group | Control group | p valuea | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Flexion (°) | ||||
Pre-training | 179 ± 5 (160–180) | 179 ± 2 (170–180) | 0.392 | 0.26 |
Post-training | 180 ± 0 (180) | 180 ± 0 (180) | 0.357 | |
p valueb | 0.234 | 0.186 | ||
Effect size | 0.20 | 0.50 | ||
(2) Extension (°) | ||||
Pre-training | 64 ± 10 (50–95) | 61 ± 14 (35–100) | 0.176 | 0.25 |
Post-training | 70 ± 9 (55–90) | 62 ± 10 (40–70) | 0.012 | |
p valueb | 0.007 | 0.708 | ||
Effect size | 0.78 | 0.08 | ||
(3) Abduction (°) | ||||
Pre-training | 179 ± 7 (150–180) | 179 ± 5 (160–180) | 0.368 | 0.16 |
Post-training | 180 ± 0 (180) | 180 ± 1 (175–180) | 0.343 | |
p valueb | 0.330 | 0.287 | ||
Effect size | 0.14 | 0.20 | ||
(4) Adduction (°) | ||||
Pre-training | 42 ± 11 (30–70) | 44 ± 10 (30–60) | 0.893 | 0.19 |
Post-training | 49 ± 11 (35–75) | 52 ± 13 (30–85) | 0.878 | |
p valueb | 0.002 | 0.042 | ||
Effect size | 0.81 | 0.52 | ||
(5) Internal rotation | ||||
Pre-training | 70 ± 15 (50–100) | 68 ± 16 (40–110) | 0.477 | 0.13 |
Post-training | 86 ± 16 (50–115) | 75 ± 14 (50–100) | 0.018 | |
p valueb | < 0.001 | 0.044 | ||
Effect size | 1.06 | 0.46 | ||
(6) External rotation | ||||
Pre-training | 115 ± 16 (80–140) | 113 ± 20 (40–140) | 0.393 | 0.11 |
Post-training | 120 ± 16 (85–145) | 111 ± 12 (75–125) | 0.044 | |
p valueb | < 0.001 | 0.663 | ||
Effect size | 1.56 | 0.10 | ||
(7) Speed (KPH) | ||||
Pre-training | 114 ± 9 (98–128) | 108 ± 9 (90–125) | 0.105 | 0.67 |
Post-training | 117 ± 10 (100–132) | 109 ± 10 (94–130) | 0.040 | |
p valueb | < 0.001 | 0.224 | ||
Effect size | 1.09 | 0.16 | ||