Table 2 Changes (mean ± SD) in blood diabetes markers (fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMA-2 IR, HbA1c) and blood lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL) before (Pre), after 12 (Mid) and 24 sessions (Post) of resistance training for the ECC and CON groups.
Variables | Eccentric (n = 9) | Concentric (n = 9) | Effect size | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Mid | Post | Pre versus Post Mean difference [95% CI] | Pre versus Post p | Pre | Mid | Post | Pre versus Post Mean difference [95% CI] | Pre versus Post p | ECC versus CON | |
Blood diabetes profile | |||||||||||
Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.9 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | − 0.2 [− 1.5 to 1.2] | 0.829 | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 0.1 [− 0.8 to 0.9] | 0.906 | 0.163 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 9.1 ± 3.2 | 11.8 ± 4.5* | 10.4 ± 4.5 | − 1.3 [− 3.9 to 1.2] | 0.267 | 8.7 ± 4.1 | 10.5 ± 6.2 | 10.8 ± 6.3 | − 2.1 [− 4.6 to 0.4] | 0.092 | 0.179 |
HOMA-2 IR | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.6* | 1.5 ± 0.6 | − 0.2 [− 0.5 to 0.2] | 0.258 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | − 0.3 [− 0.7 to 0.1] | 0.112 | 0.194 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 6.8 ± 0.8* | 7.1 ± 0.8 | 0.1 [− 0.2 to 0.4] | 0.502 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.6* | 0.3 [0.1 to 0.6] | 0.024 | 0.668 |
Blood lipid profile | |||||||||||
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | − 0.5 [− 1.4 to 0.5] | 0.280 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.1 [− 0.2 to 0.3] | 0.617 | 0.544 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 0.1 [− 0.2 to 0.5] | 0.386 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 0.1 [− 0.3 to 0.4] | 0.580 | 0.032 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.0 [− 0.1 to 0.1] | 0.665 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | − 0.1 [0.0 to 0.2] | 0.137 | 0.485 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 0.2 [− 0.1 to 0.6] | 0.116 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | − 0.1 [− 0.4 to 0.3] | 0.822 | 0.453 |