Table 4 Changes (mean ± SD) in physical function assessed by six-minute walk test, five repetition chair rise time and 3-m timed up-and-go, and balance sensory measures for the total score, eyes closed and sway vision from baseline (Pre) to post-intervention (Post) for ECC and CON groups
Variables | Eccentric (n = 9) | Concentric (n = 9) | Effect size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre versus post mean difference [95% CI] | Pre versus post p | Pre | Post | Pre versus post Mean difference [95% CI] | Pre versus post p | ECC versus CON | |
Physical function | |||||||||
6-min walk test (m) | 463.9 ± 94.1 | 520.7 ± 91.9* | − 46.8 [− 98.1 to 4.6] | 0.018 | 507.9 ± 79.9 | 571.3 ± 67.9* | − 59.7 [− 95.9 to − 23.5] | 0.005 | 0.083 |
5-rep chair rise (s) | 13.4 ± 5.1 | 11.6 ± 3.8* | 1.8 [0.4 to 3.1] | 0.015 | 11.5 ± 3.0 | 9.2 ± 1.4* | 2.3 [0.4 to 4.3] | 0.023 | 0.463 |
3-m timed-up and go (s) | 7.1 ± 2.2 | 6.3 ± 1.9* | 0.6 [0.0 to 1.2] | 0.005 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 [0.0 to 1.0] | 0.055 | 0.014 |
Balance sensory measures | |||||||||
Total composite score | 71.3 ± 11.1 | 76.3 ± 6.3 | − 5.0 [− 11.0 to 1.0] | 0.089 | 74.3 ± 6.6 | 77.6 ± 5.5 | − 3.2 [− 8.0 to 1.6] | 0.162 | 0.325 |
Eyes closed | 46.4 ± 20.7 | 63.2 ± 10.1 | − 16.9 [− 35.1 to 1.3] | 0.065 | 57.9 ± 11.1 | 62.6 ± 9.6 | − 4.7 [− 16.0 to 6.6] | 0.369 | 0.481 |
Sway vision | 50.3 ± 27.7 | 58.1 ± 18.2 | − 7.9 [− 18.9 to 3.1] | 0.137 | 54.8 ± 13.6 | 61.8 ± 10.2 | − 7.0 [− 18.6 to 4.6] | 0.201 | 0.493 |