The effect of two types of ankle orthoses on the repetitive rebound jump performance

Table 1 Mean ± standard deviation of measurement variables during squat, counter movement, and rebound jumps under three conditions and their level of statistical significance

	No-orthosis	orthosis 1	orthosis 2	p-value^a	effect size (f)	significance^b
Squat jump
Jump height, cm	26.6 ± 5.2	26.5 ± 5.3	25.3 ± 5.5	0.003	0.594	no-orthosis, 1 vs 2
RFD, N/s	2602 ± 1158	2798 ± 1182	2682 ± 1203	0.633	0.157
rRFD, N/kg/s	42.9 ± 20.3	46.3 ± 19.4	45.1 ± 23.3	0.643	0.153
Vertical impulse, Ns	166.1 ± 49.2	162.5 ± 44.9	168.4 ± 54.6	0.417	0.217
PeakPower, W	2356 ± 706	2339 ± 676	2274 ± 687	0.007	0.543	no-orthosis vs 2
VGRFmax, N	1421 ± 308	1424 ± 277	1428 ± 286	0.939	0.055
rVGRFmax, N/kg	23.0 ± 2.2	23.1 ± 2.1	23.2 ± 2.3	0.831	0.101
Maximum dorsiflexion angle, degree	120.6 ± 5.5	125.4 ± 6.8	127.3 ± 5.0	< 0.001	0.811	no-orthosis vs 1, 2
Plantarflexion angle at toe off, degree	171.2 ± 5.8	167.1 ± 6.9	163.3 ± 4.5	< 0.001	1.077	no-orthosis vs 1 vs 2
ROM, degree	50.3 ± 4.7	41.6 ± 5.4	35.8 ± 3.9	< 0.001	2.409	no-orthosis vs 1 vs 2

Countermovement jump
Jump height, cm	28.3 ± 5.6	28.3 ± 5.5	27.8 ± 5.9	N/A	N/A
RFD, N/s	3277 ± 1878	2971 ± 1615	3062 ± 1877	N/A	N/A
rRFD, N/kg/s	53.9 ± 29.2	49.2 ± 26.4	50.7 ± 30.5	N/A	N/A
Vertical impulse, Ns	157.4 ± 33.4	141.2 ± 37.5	154.8 ± 38.8	N/A	N/A
PeakPower, W	2459 ± 742	2448 ± 705	2423 ± 718	N/A	N/A
VGRFmax, N	1391 ± 299	1356 ± 271	1378 ± 284	N/A	N/A
rVGRFmax, N/kg	22.5 ± 2.0	22.0 ± 2.1	22.4 ± 2.6	N/A	N/A
Maximum dorsiflexion angle, degree	117.6 ± 7.6	122.7 ± 6.7	124.5 ± 6.1	< 0.001	0.703	no-orthosis vs 1, 2
Plantarflexion angle at toe off, degree	170.9 ± 6.3	167.3 ± 6.7	163.9 ± 4.6	< 0.001	0.883	no-orthosis vs 1 vs 2
ROM, degree	53.3 ± 5.5	44.5 ± 5.6	39.3 ± 3.8	< 0.001	1.940	no-orthosis vs 1 vs 2

Repetitive rebound jump
Jump height, cm	26.3 ± 6.6	26.0 ± 7.2	25.1 ± 6.1	N/A	N/A
contact time, s	0.22 ± 0.04	0.22 ± 0.04	0.24 ± 0.08	N/A	N/A
Rebound jump index, m/s	1.26 ± 0.34	1.24 ± 0.31	1.18 ± 0.31	N/A	N/A
Maximum dorsiflexion angle, degree	124.9 ± 8.4	128.8 ± 7.4	131.4 ± 6.8	< 0.001	1.784	no-orthosis vs 1, 2
Plantarflexion angle at toe off, degree	170.0 ± 7.6	165.9 ± 7.4	163.8 ± 4.2	< 0.001	1.652	no-orthosis vs 1, 2
Range of motion, degree	44.9 ± 7.5	36.8 ± 6.0	32.4 ± 5.4	< 0.001	1.825	no-orthosis vs 1 vs 2

a: P-values indicate the results of the statistical analysis of pairwise comparisons. RFD Rate of force development; rRFD Relative rate of force development; VGRFmax Maximum vertical ground reaction force; rVGRFmax Relative maximum vertical ground reaction force; ROM range of motion. b: This significance was obtained from the multiple comparison with the Bonferroni correction and described the large and small relationships that were less than p < 0.05. P-values were calculated using multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures (no-orthosis, orthosis 1, and orthosis 2).

ISSN: 2052-1847