Author (year) | Hermanussen et al. (2016) [37] | Low et al. (2017) [33] | Azfar et al. (2019) [36] | Varghese et al. (2019) [38] | Present research (2022) |
N | 111 | 132 | 362 | 116 | 222 |
Age (year) (mean (SD)) | 64 ± 10 | 70.62 ± 7.39 | 39.82 ± 11.42 > 50 years:71 | ≤ 60 years:71.55%, > 60 years: 28.45% | 61.08 ± 7.9 |
Target group | One or two hand surgeries over the age of 50 | Healthy over 60 years | Low back pain (LBP) | Hemodialysis patients | Over 50 years old |
RAPA total score (mean (SD)) | 6.3 ± 2.6 | – | – | 2.991 ± 1.198 | 5.51 ± 1.55 |
% (people) | |||||
RAPA 1** | |||||
Sedentary | – | 26.5 (35) | 47.9 (34) | – | 2.3 (5) |
Underactive | – | 7.6 (10) | 38 (27) | – | 9.5 (21) |
Underactive regular light activities | – | 50.8 (67) | 9.9 (7) | – | 21.6 (48) |
Underactive regular | – | 3 (4) | 1.4 (1) | – | 0.9 (2) |
Active | – | 12.1 (16) | 2.8 (2) | – | 65.8 (146) |
% (people) | |||||
RAPA 2*** | |||||
Activity to improve strength | – | 77.3 (102) | 16.9 (12) | – | 5.4 (12) |
Activity to improve flexibility | – | 0.8 (1) | 4.2 (3) | – | 23 (51) |
Both (strength and flexibility activity) | – | 18.9 (25) | 0 (0) | – | 21.2 (47) |
No Activity to improve muscle strength or flexibility | – | 3 (4) | 78.9 (56) | – | 50.5 (112) |