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Table 2 Comparison of pre exercise intervention and post exercise intervention values of tested psychological domains or variables (Means ± Standard Deviation)

From: Effects of structured exercises on selected psychological domains in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southern Ethiopia institution-based study

Dimension

Associated Scores (12)

Aerobic exercise group

P Value

Resistance exercise group

P Value

Combined aerobic and resistance exercise group

P Value

Control group

P Value

Factor I (Anxiety & Depression) tested by GHQ 12

Pre-test

 

6.5 ± 3.8

0.030

9 ± 3.5

0.017

8.5 ± 4.1

0.006

4 ± 3.7

0.063

Post-test

 

1.2 ± 0.75

2.5 ± 1.2

1.5 ± 0.8

9.2 ± 3.4

Factor II ( Social Dysfunction) tested by GHQ 12

Pre-test

 

10.8 ± 5.2

0.010

11.5 ± 4.3

0.010

12.2 ± 6.4

0.009

5.3 ± 6.9

0.056

Post- test

 

0.83 ± 1.3

2 ± 2.2

0.8 ± 1.3

14 ± 3.5

Factor III (Loss of Confidence) tested by GHQ 12

Pre-test

 

2.7 ± 2.3

0.052

3.3 ± 2.2

0.051

4 ± 2.1

0.012

1.8 ± 1.9

0.062

Post-test

 

0.3 ± 0.8

0.5 ± 0.8

0.5 ± 0.8

4.5 ± 1.4

Sum of Factor I, Factor II and Factor III (Psychological Wellbeing) tested by GHQ 12

Pre-test

 

20 ± 11.2

0.018

23.8 ± 9.3

0.012

24 ± 12.8

0.010

11.2 ± 12.4

0.057

Post-Test

 

2.3 ± 2.7

5 ± 3.9

2 ± 1.3

27.7 ± 8.1

  1. Note: P value set at < 0.05, GHQ 12 – General Health Questionnaire of item 12, SD = Standard Deviation