Does inflammation markers or treatment type moderate exercise intensity effects on changes in muscle strength in cancer survivors participating in a 6-month combined resistance- and endurance exercise program? Results from the Phys-Can trial

Table 3 Moderating effects of inflammation and treatment for patients with prostate cancer (n = 65)

	Model 3.1 without interaction terms					Model 3.2 with interaction terms
	b	SE	95% CI		p	b	SE	95% CI		p
	b	SE	LL	UL	p	b	SE	LL	UL	p
Model 3: Moderating effects of inflammation for patients with prostate cancer
Main effects
Exercise group (HI/LMI)	1.502	2.864	− 4.111	7.114	.600	1.779	2.888	− 3.881	7.438	.538
IL6 at follow-up	1.490	4.199	− 6.740	9.720	.723	2.216	4.167	− 5.952	10.384	.595
TNFα at follow-up	5.140	2.222	0.784	0.482	.021	6.796	2.864	1.182	12.409	.018
Interaction effects
Exercise group*IL6						− 1.423	8.404	− 17.894	15.048	.866
Exercise group *TNFα						− 1.905	3.386	− 8.542	4.732	.574
Control variables
Adherence to exercise	0.295	0.095	0.108	0.482	.002	0.307	0.101	0.110	0.504	.002
Previous RT exercise	− 4.943	3.365	11.537	1.652	.142	− 6.150	3.228	− 12.477	0.178	.057
Age	− 0.492	0.281	− 1.043	0.058	.080	− 0.41	0.286	− 1.101	0.019	.058
ADT (Y/N)	− 10.129	2.908	− 15.827	− 4.430	< .001	− 10.874	2.863	− 16.486	− 5.262	< .001
R²	27.0%	29.8%

	Model 4.1 without interaction term					Model 4.2 with interaction term
	b	SE	95% CI		p	b	SE	95% CI		p
	b	SE	LL	UL	p	b	SE	LL	UL	p
Model 4: Moderating effects of ADT for patients with prostate cancer
Main effects
Exercise group (HI/LMI)	1.351	2.741	− 4.021	6.722	.622	1.506	4.270	− 6.862	9.875	.724
ADT (Y/N)	− 9.464	2.972	− 15.289	− 3.638	.001	− 9.198	3.797	− 16.640	− 1.755	.015
Interaction effects
Exercise group*ADT						− 0.180	5.623	− 11.201	10.841	.974
Control variables
IL6 at baseline	− 0.863	1.966	− 4.717	2.990	.661	− 0.752	1.928	− 4.531	3.026	.696
TNFα at baseline	3.727	2.535	− 1.243	8.696	.142	3.760	2.413	− 0.970	8.489	.119
Adherence to exercise	0.286	0.096	0.097	0.474	.003	0.284	0.097	0.093	0.475	.004
Previous RT exercise	− 4.193	3.421	− 10.898	2.512	.220	− 3.839	3.422	− 10.546	2.867	.262
Age	− 0.317	0.281	− 0.868	0.234	.259	− 0.324	0.277	− 0.867	0.220	.243
R²	23.6%	23.6%

Bold font indicates statistical significance
Control variables only predict the outcome. HI: high intensity. LMI: low-to-moderate intensity. CI: confidence intervals. ADT: Androgen deprivation therapy. IL6: Interleukin 6. TNFα: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. Y/N: Yes/No. RT: Resistance training

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