Allometric normalization of handgrip strength in older adults: Which body size parameter is the most appropriate?

Table 2 Allometric scaling of handgrip strength and body size variables, adjusting for sex and age (N = 643)

Study variables	β (SE)	95% CI	p-value	VIF	R	R²
Model 1
Constant	1.92 (0.12)	1.69 to 2.16	< 0.001		0.79	0.63
Ln body mass	0.12 (0.05)	0.01 to 0.22	0.029	1.38
Sex	− 0.19 (0.01)	− 0.20 to − 0.17	< 0.001	1.41
Age	− 0.004 (0.001)	− 0.006 to − 0.003	< 0.001	1.03
Model 2
Constant	1.65 (0.08)	1.50 to 1.81	< 0.001		0.82	0.67
Ln body height	0.85 (0.10)	0.64 to 1.05	< 0.001	2.08
Sex	− 0.14 (0.01)	− 0.16 to − 0.12	< 0.001	2.12
Age	− 0.004 (0.001)	− 0.005 to − 0.003	< 0.001	1.04
Model 3
Constant	1.66 (0.17)	1.33 to 1.99	< 0.001		0.80	0.64
Ln fat free mass	0.26 (0.08)	0.10 to 0.43	0.002	1.51
Sex	− 0.18 (0.009)	− 0.20 to − 0.16	< 0.001	1.54
Age	− 0.004 (0.001)	− 0.006 to − 0.003	< 0.001	1.03

β Unstandardized beta coefficient, SE Standard error, 95% CI 95 percent confidence interval, VIF Variance inflation index, R Coefficient of correlation, R² Coefficient of determination, Ln Logarithm exponent; p < 0.05

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