Table 3 Intention-to-treat analysis of change in health-related quality of life within and between groups
Variable | 1. Routine care (n = 84) | 2. Behavioral medicine (n = 86) | Between-group effects (1–2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% CI), p-value | Mean (95% CI), p-value | Mean (95% CI), p-value | |||
SF-36 PF | Baseline | 86.2 (83.4–89.1) | 87.0 (84.2–89.8) | − 0.7 (− 4.7–3.2), p = 0.711 | |
4 months | 89.5 (86.8–92.2) | 89.7 (87.4–92.0) | − 0.3 (− 3.9–3.4), p = 0.888 | ||
1 year | 89.2 (86.7–91.8) | 90.5 (88.1–93.0) | − 1.3 (− 4.9–2.4), p = 0.498 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 3.3 (0.7–5.8), p = 0.011 | 2.8 (0.2–5.3), p = 0.035 | 0.5 (− 3.1–4.1), p = 0.793 | |
4 months–1 year | − 0.2 (− 2.6–2.1), p = 0.835 | 0.8 (− 1.3–2.9), p = 0.476 | − 1.0 (− 4.0–1.9), p = 0.504 | ||
SF-36 RP | Baseline | 49.4 (40.3–58.5) | 54.2 (45.3–63.1) | − 4.8 (− 17.3–7.8), p = 0.457 | |
4 months | 78.5 (71.4–85.6) | 81.4 (74.5–88.3) | − 2.9 (− 12.9–7.1), p = 0.573 | ||
1 year | 80.4 (73.5–87.3) | 77.6 (70.3–84.9) | 2.8 (− 8.1–13.7), p = 0.616 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 29.1 (19.4–38.8), p < 0.001 | 27.2 (17.3–37.1), p < 0.001 | 1.9 (− 11.8–15.6), p = 0.787 | |
4 months–1 year | 1.9 (− 6.5–10.3), p = 0.662 | − 3.8 (− 13–5.4), p = 0.415 | 5.7 (− 6.5–17.9), p = 0.360 | ||
SF-36 BP | Baseline | 75.2 (70.1–80.3) | 75.8 (71.1–80.6) | − 0.6 (− 7.5–6.2), p = 0.854 | |
4 months | 79.4 (74.5–84.3) | 79.0 (73.9–84.2) | 0.4 (− 7.4–8.1), p = 0.928 | ||
1 year | 73.9 (68.5–79.3) | 77.6 (72.1–83.0) | − 3.7 (− 11.7–4.4), p = 0.376 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 4.2 (− 1.7–10.2), p = 0.165 | 3.2 (− 3.0–9.4), p = 0.310 | 1.0 (− 7.8–9.8), p = 0.822 | |
4 months–1 year | − 5.5 (− 11.8–0.8), p = 0.091 | − 1.5 (− 8.1–5.1), p = 0.661 | − 4.0 (− 12.9–4.9), p = 0.377 | ||
SF-36 GH | Baseline | 66.8 (62.2–71.5) | 73.1 (69.6–76.7) | − 6.3 (− 12.1 to − 0.5), p = 0.035 | |
4 months | 71.9 (67.7–76.0) | 76.5 (72.2–80.7) | − 4.6 (− 10.6–1.4), p = 0.130 | ||
1 year | 71.7 (67.4–76.0) | 74.0 (70.1–77.9) | − 2.3 (− 8.5–3.9), p = 0.465 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 5.0 (1.4–8.6), p = 0.007 | 3.3 (− 0.3–7.0), p = 0.072 | 1.7 (− 3.3–6.7), p = 0.511 | |
4 months–1 year | − 0.1 (− 4.3–4.1), p = 0.955 | − 2.4 (− 6.2–1.3), p = 0.206 | 2.3 (− 3.2–7.8), p = 0.407 | ||
SF-36 VT | Baseline | 64.3 (59.5–69.2) | 63.4 (58.9–68.0) | 0.9 (− 5.7–7.5), p = 0.789 | |
4 months | 69.6 (64.9–74.4) | 71.8 (67.6–76.0) | − 2.1 (− 8.6–4.4), p = 0.526 | ||
1 year | 68.9 (64.7–73.0) | 70.4 (66.3–74.6) | − 1.6 (− 8.0–4.8), p = 0.627 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 5.3 (0.8–9.8), p = 0.021 | 8.3 (3.9–12.8), p < 0.001 | − 3.0 (− 9.2–3.2), p = 0.341 | |
4 months–1 year | − 0.8 (− 4.7–3.1), p = 0.690 | − 1.3 (− 5.5–2.9), p = 0.539 | 0.5 (− 4.8–5.9), p = 0.847 | ||
SF-36 SF | Baseline | 83.8 (79.2–88.4) | 85.0 (81.2–88.9) | − 1.2 (− 7.2–4.7), p = 0.680 | |
4 months | 88.7 (84.7–92.8) | 90.7 (86.9–94.5) | − 2.0 (− 7.7–3.8), p = 0.502 | ||
1 year | 89.0 (85.0–93.0) | 93.0 (90.1–96.0) | − 4.0 (− 9.2–1.2), p = 0.130 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline–4 months | 5.0 (0.2–9.7), p = 0.040 | 5.7 (1.6–9.8), p = 0.007 | − 0.7 (− 6.9–5.5), p = 0.822 | |
4 months to 1 year | 0.3 (− 4.5–5.1), p = 0.912 | 2.3 (− 1.7–6.3), p = 0.255 | − 2.1 (− 7.8–3.7), p = 0.482 | ||
SF-36 RE | Baseline | 65.8 (56.7–74.9) | 74.4 (66.2–82.7) | − 8.6 (− 20.7–3.5), p = 0.166 | |
4 months | 83.4 (76.9–89.9) | 86.2 (80.0–92.4) | − 2.8 (− 12.1–6.6), p = 0.566 | ||
1 year | 84.7 (78.2–91.1) | 85.8 (79.8–91.7) | − 1.1 (− 10.2–8.0), p = 0.814 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 17.6 (8.4–26.8), p < 0.001 | 11.7 (2.9–20.6), p = 0.010 | 5.8 (− 6.8–18.5), p = 0.365 | |
4 months–1 year | 1.3 (− 7.8–10.4), p = 0.783 | − 0.4 (− 8–7.2), p = 0.920 | 1.7 (− 9.3–12.7), p = 0.767 | ||
SF-36 MH | Baseline | 76.8 (72.6–80.9) | 79.6 (76–83.3) | − 2.9 (− 8.3–2.6), p = 0.301 | |
4 months | 80.9 (77.5–84.2) | 85.8 (82.7–89) | − 4.9 (− 10.3–0.4), p = 0.071 | ||
1 year | 82.0 (78.7–85.3) | 86.2 (83.2–89.2) | − 4.2 (− 8.9–0.6), p = 0.084 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 4.1 (− 0.4–8.6), p = 0.074 | 6.2 (2.9–9.5), p < 0.001 | − 2.1 (− 7.8–3.6), p = 0.472 | |
4 months–1 year | 1.1 (− 2.5–4.7), p = 0.545 | 0.3 (− 3.1–3.7), p = 0.842 | 0.8 (− 4.4–5.9), p = 0.770 | ||
SF-36 PCS | Baseline | 46.3 (44.7–47.9) | 46.9 (45.3–48.5) | − 0.6 (− 2.8–1.7), p = 0.615 | |
4 months | 49.8 (48.1–51.4) | 49.9 (48.2–51.6) | − 0.1 (− 2.6–2.3), p = 0.927 | ||
1 year | 49.0 (47.2–50.8) | 49.1 (47.6–50.7) | − 0.1 (− 2.7–2.4), p = 0.923 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 3.5 (1.8–5.2), p < 0.001 | 3.0 (0.8–5.3), p = 0.008 | 0.5 (− 2.2–3.2), p = 0.738 | |
4 months–1 year | − 0.8 (− 2.7–1.2), p = 0.437 | − 0.8 (− 2.8–1.3), p = 0.460 | 0.0 (− 2.6–2.6), p = 0.993 | ||
SF-36 MCS | Baseline | 46.3 (43.6–48.9) | 48.0 (45.8–50.3) | − 1.8 (− 5.2–1.7), p = 0.317 | |
4 months | 49.5 (47.4–51.6) | 51.5 (49.6–53.4) | − 2.0 (− 5.0–1.0), p = 0.187 | ||
1 year | 50.1 (48.2–52.0) | 51.8 (50.1–53.6) | − 1.8 (− 4.4–0.9), p = 0.190 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 3.2 (0.7–5.7), p = 0.013 | 3.5 (1.2–5.7), p = 0.003 | − 0.3 (− 3.6–3.0), p = 0.873 | |
4 months–1 year | 0.6 (− 1.6–2.8), p = 0.590 | 0.3 (− 1.6–2.3), p = 0.735 | 0.3 (− 2.5–3.1), p = 0.855 | ||
EQ-VAS | Baseline | 75.9 (72.3–79.4) | 77.9 (75.0–80.7) | − 2.0 (− 6.5–2.5), p = 0.388 | |
4 months | 80.2 (77.4–82.9) | 81.7 (79.0–84.4) | − 1.5 (− 5.6–2.6), p = 0.465 | ||
1 year | 80.2 (77.6–82.8) | 81.0 (78.3–83.8) | − 0.8 (− 5.0–3.3), p = 0.698 | ||
Within-group change | Baseline to 4 months | 4.3 (0.5–8.1), p = 0.028 | 3.8 (0.6–7.0), p = 0.019 | 0.5 (− 4.4–5.3), p = 0.853 | |
4 months–1 year | 0.0 (− 2.9–3.0), p = 0.981 | − 0.7 (− 3.7–2.4), p = 0.666 | 0.7 (− 3.5–4.9), p = 0.742 |