Effect of a four-week isocaloric ketogenic diet on physical performance at very high-altitude: a pilot study

Table 4 Values for individual participants comparing performance after a UD and after an ICKD

	Test	Nr. 1	Nr. 2	Nr. 3	Nr. 4	Nr. 6	Nr. 8
Sex		F	M	M	M	F	F
Age (years)		29	27	44	24	29	28
BMI (kg m⁻²)		22.3	23.2	24.6	23.4	21.3	19.9
Mountaineering level		Medium	Medium	Medium	Expert	Medium	Expert
VO₂max (ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	T0N	36.8	48.8	46.2	50.7	38.0	47.2
	UD	26.6	31.0	29.5	42.8	28.5	32.3
	ICKD	28.8	38.9	24.5	38.4	33.6	34.4
P_LT (W)	T0N	114	261	266	224	136	215
	UD	81	186	182	159	89	103
	ICKD	79	146	168	165	124	151
P_peak (W)	T0N	180	310	340	300	195	270
	UD	140	240	194	210	123	190
	ICKD	150	250	186	195	140	200
HR_LT (beat min⁻¹)	T0N	163	175	136	174	119	170
	UD	163	186	129	173	140	147
	ICKD	166	176	140	184	159	182
HR_peak (beat min⁻¹)	T0N	194	194	162	197	162	191
	UD	186	165	152	190	159	184
	ICKD	190	190	148	193	167	194
bLa_peak (mmol L⁻¹)	T0N	9.2	13.6	11.8	11.8	7.5	10.1
	UD	8.2	13.1	9.3	12.5	5.4	10.7
	ICKD	9.6	10.7	5.5	11.7	5.5	9.5
RPE	T0N	10	17	17	17	11	17
	UD	11	20	15	16	13	18
	ICKD	15	20	15	17	15	16
PaO₂ (kPa)	T0N	18	13.6	19	25.5	14	16.9
	UD	15.8	7.0	7.7	11.7	8.1	8.4
	ICKD	7.7	6.0	6.8	7.9	6.0	7.2
pH	T0N	7.22	7.14	7.26	7.26	7.34	7.24
	UD	7.21	7.21	7.42	7.20	7.38	7.28
	ICKD	7.25	7.33	7.42	7.22	7.45	7.29
PaCO₂ (kPa)	T0N	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.5	4.0	4.0
	UD	2.9	3.4	3.2	3.7	3.8	3.7
	ICKD	3.0	3.8	3.5	2.9	3.9	3.1
HCO₃⁻ (mmol L⁻¹)	T0N	10.8	9.5	12	11.3	15.6	12.3
	UD	8.4	10	15	10.5	16.5	12.4
	ICKD	9.4	14.7	16.8	8.5	20.2	10.9

Only VO₂max, P_LT and P_peak values are shown for baseline T0N
T0N baseline test under normoxia, UD values after usual mixed Western-style diet under hypoxia, ICKD isocaloric ketogenic diet under hypoxia, VO₂max maximal oxygen uptake, LT lactate threshold, P power, HR heart rate, bLa blood lactate, RPE Borg rating of perceived exertion, PaO₂ partial oxygen arterial pressure, PaCO₂ partial carbon dioxide arterial pressure, Nr. subject number

ISSN: 2052-1847