Table 2 Comparison of DRUJ instability and hand functions between the study groups

Displacement (mm): Median (IQR)

0.86 (0.16–0.96)

0.50 (0.27–0.67)

− 0.26

Mean ± SD

0.67 ± 0.41

0.51 ± 0.24

(small)

Range, min–max

0.06–1.14

0.18–0.96

Applied force (N): Median (IQR)

4.47 (4.28–4.78)

4.36 (3.39–4.46)

− 0.37

Mean ± SD

4.53 ± 0.28

3.92 ± 0.96

(medium)

Range, min–max

4.20–5.01

2.17–5.15

Displacement-to-force ratio (mm/N): Median (IQR)

0.19 (0.04–0.22)

0.12 (0.09–0.18)

− 0.20

Mean ± SD

0.15 ± 0.09

0.13 ± 0.05

(small)

Range, min–max

0.01–0.24

0.05–0.20

Grip strength (N): Median (IQR)

309.9 (235.8–362.8)

323.6 (281.9–339.8)

− 0.01

Mean ± SD

303.9 ± 65.6

305.8 ± 54.7

(none)

Range, min–max

203.5–379.0

209.9–383.0

ROM, palmar flexion (°): Median (IQR)

75 (60–90)

75 (70–80)

− 0.04

Mean ± SD

72.1 ± 16.0

74.5 ± 6.9

(none)

Range, min–max

45–90

65–85

ROM, dorsiflexion (°): Median (IQR)

75 (70–85)

80 (80–85)

− 0.25

Mean ± SD

76.4 ± 7.5

79.5 ± 6.9

(small)

Range, min–max

65–85

60–85

ROM, radial deviation (°): Median (IQR)

25 (20–25)

30 (25–35)

− 0.41

Mean ± SD

23.6 ± 3.8

28.6 ± 6.4

(medium)

Range, min–max

20–30

20–40

ROM, ulnar deviation (°): Median (IQR)

35 (30–45)

50 (40–55)

− 0.54

Mean ± SD

38.6 ± 8.0

48.6 ± 7.8

(large)

Range, min–max

30–50

35–60

Arm circumference (cm): Median (IQR)

29.0 (27.7–29.5)

28.5 (28.2–29.5)

− 0.11

Mean ± SD

28.5 ± 1.1

29.2 ± 1.8

(small)

Range, min–max

26.7–29.6

27.0–33.0

Forearm circumference (cm): Median (IQR)

23.5 (22.7–24.0)

24.0 (24.0–24.8)

− 0.43

Mean ± SD

23.4 ± 0.7

24.5 ± 1.5

(medium)

Range, min–max

22.4–24.6

22.6–27.2